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Unit7TheSilkroad
TheSilkRoadreferstoatransportrouteconnectingancientChinawithCentralAsia,WestAsia,Africa,andtheEuropeancontinent.Itappearedasearlyasthesecondcenturyandwastraveledmainlybysilkmerchants.ThetermSilkRoad,or“dieSeidenstrasse”inGerman,wasfirstnoteddownbytheGermangeographerFerdinandvonRichthofenattheendofthe19thcentury.
TheSilkRoadbeganinChangan(present-dayXian,capitalofShaanxiProvince),passingthroughGansuandXinjiangtoCentralAsia,WestAsia,andtolandsbytheMediterranean.TherewerenosignsofcommunicationbetweenancientChinesecivilizationandMediterraneancivilizationinearlierhistory.
InabouttheseventhcenturyBC,theancientGreeksbegantolearnaboutanancientcivilizationtotheeast,yetknewlittle about it . Before the Silk Road , according toarcheological findings , there had already existed anintermittent(断断续续的)traderouteonthegrasslandsfromtheYellowRiverandtheIndusRiverdrainageareastotheEuphratesandtheTigris,andtheNiledrainageareas.YetrealcommunicationbetweenChina,CentralandWestAsiancountriesAfricaandtheEuropeancontinentdidnotdevelopuntilthe
openingoftheSilkRoad.
TheSilkRoadfunctionednotonlyasatraderoutebutalsoasabridgethatlinkedtheancientcivilizationofChina,India,theMesopotamianplains,EgyptandGreece.Italsohelpedtopromotetheexchangeofscienceandtechnologybetweeneastandwest.TheSilkRoadservedasthemainchannelforancientChinatoopenuptotheoutsideworld,aswellasforfreshimpulsesfromotherculturestoenterthecountrywhichcontributedasignificantsharetotheshapingofChineseculture.
ZhangQian,TrailBlazer
Thepioneerwhoblazed(开拓)thetrailoftheSilkRoadwasZhangQian(c.164-114BC),ageneraloftheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-AD25).InZhangQianstime,theChinesehadlittleknowledgeaboutCe
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