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ExerciseNamethefollowingcompounds:(3E)-3-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene2,5,5-Trimethyl-3-heptyne2,4-Octadien-6-yne
ChapterThreeUnsaturatedHydrocarbons:AlkenesandAlkynesStructuresofAlkenesandAlkynes.ChemicalPropertiesofAlkenes.WhatareAlkenesandAlkynes?ChemicalPropertiesofAlkynes.NomenclatureofAlkenesandAlkynes.Cis-TransIsomerisminAlkenes.SynthesisofAlkenesandAlkynes.
ChemicalPropertiesofAlkenes1.StabilityofalkenesandheatsofhydrogenationWedescribetheresultbysayingthatthedoublebondhasbeenhydrogenated(氢化),orreduced(还原).AnalkeneAnalkaneHeatofhydrogenation:Theheatthatisreleasedinthehydrogenationofunsaturatedhydrocarbonpermole(每摩尔).氢化热P115-116Pd,Pt
ChemicalPropertiesofAlkenesSubstitution取代AlkeneHeatofhydrogenation(kJ/mol)Monosubstituted(单取代)H2C=CH2137CH3CH2CH=CH2126Disubstituted(双取代)CH3CH=CHCH3(cis)120CH3CH=CHCH3(trans)115(CH3)2C=CH2119Trisubstituted(CH3)2C=CHCH3113Tetrasubstituted(CH3)2C=C(CH3)2111Thelessheatofhydrogenation,themorestabilityofalkenes.
ChemicalPropertiesofAlkenesTetrasubstituedTrisubstitutedDisubstitutedMonosubstitutedConclusion:a)Trans-alkeneismorestablethanthecis-alkene.b)Alkenesemorestablewithincreasingsubstitutionsondouble-bondcarbonsAlkenesfollowthestabilityorder:
ChemicalPropertiesofAlkenesMechanismofalkeneshydrogenationa.Thestereochemistryofhydrogenationissyn(顺式).b.Thereactionissensitivetothestericenvironmentaroundthedoublebond.Thereactivityofalkenesforhydrogenation:
ChemicalPropertiesofAlkenes1.Tellwhichcompoundsineachofthefollowingpairsaremorestable:Exercise:
2.Thestabilityorderofthefollowingalkenes:123ChemicalPropertiesofAlkenes3.?
ChemicalPropertiesofAlkenesa)Doublebondshaveagreaterelectrondensitythansiglebonds.b)Thee
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