广东省北江中学2022届高考英语语法复习专项七.docxVIP

广东省北江中学2022届高考英语语法复习专项七

被动语态

一要点精讲

语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(activevoice)和被动语态(passivevoice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。

一）被动语态的构成

被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。

A.十种常见时态的被动语态

1.一般现在时主动语态：do被动语态：amisaredone

Wecleantheclassroomeveryday..Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.

2.一般过去时主动语态：did被动语态：wasweredone

Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.

3.一般将来时主动语态：will/shalldo被动语态：will/shallbedone

Theclassroomwillbecleanedsoon.WhenshallwebegivenalectureontheInternet?

4.一般过去将来时主动语态：woulddo被动语态：wouldbedone

Wetoldhimthattheclassroomwouldbecleanedsoon.IwasnttoldthatIshouldbeinvitedtotheparty.

5.现在进行时主动语态：am/is/are/doing被动语态：amisarebeingdone

Theclassroomisbeingcleanednow.Arethebabiesbeingtakencareofbythisnurse

6.过去进行时主动语态：was/weredoing被动语态：was/werebeingdone

Wewerecleaningtheclassroomthistimeyesterday.Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedthistimeyesterday.

7.现在完成时主动语态：has/havedone被动语态：has/havebeendone

Theradiohasnotbeenturnedonyet.

Hasanewtrainingcentrebeensetupinourtown我们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗？

8.过去完成时主动语态：haddone被动语态：hadbeendone

Shetoldmethatshehadbeendismissedbyherboss.HerhomeworkhadnotbeenfinishedwhenIgothome.

9.将来完成时主动语态：will/shallhavedone被动语态：willshallhavebeendone

Wewillhavecleanedtheclassroombyfiveoclock.我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。

Theclassroomwillhavebeencleanedbyfiveoclock.教室将在五点以前打扫完。

10.过去将来完成时主动语态：wouldhavedone被动语态：wouldhavebeendone

Isaidwewouldhavecleanedtheclassroomby5:00.我说我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。

Isaidtheclassroomwouldhavebeencleanedby5:00.我说教室将在五点以前打扫完。

注：含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+bedone”构成。

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