《大学物理简明教程》 英文 课件 3 Work and Energy.pptx

workWorkandEnergyenergyWork-EnergyTheoremconservationofmechanicalenergyconservativeforcepower

AforceonanobjectTheobjectmovinginthedirectionoftheforceFThereisworkdonebytheforce

WorkWorkistheproductofthecomponentoftheFORCEinthedirectionofmotiontimestheDISTANCEthroughwhichtheforceactsUnit:Nm=J(Joules)JamesPrescottJoule(1818-1889)Workisascalarquantity.?

dThefrictionforcedoesworktooNegativework!mθFfrα=180oWorkofFT???

TransferringenergytoobjectPositiveworkRemovingenergyfromobjectNegativeworkWorkandenergyEnergy-theability(capacity)todoworkTheSIunitofenergyisalsoJoule(N·m)

ApplyingaconstantnetforceoveradistancedWhatisthefinalspeedoftheobject?(acceleration=a)??KineticEnergyofanobject(initialspeed=0)?

?ΔlF(l)θ?????parallelcomponent,e.g.speed????

WorkdonebygravityWorkdonebynormalforceNoworkbecauseNisperpendicularWorkdonebyfrictionexample????

Whatisthespeedoftheboxatthebottom?????vi=0

Aballthrownupwardwithinitialspeedof50m/sHowhighwillitgo?Gravitydoesnegativeworkmg??

-mgWorkdonebygravityhGravity‘removes’kineticenergytransformsitintopotentialenergyEpIftheballfallsdown,itgainskineticenergyConservationofmechanicalenergymg??????Ineithercase

Conservationofmechanicalenergy??Underwhatcondition??conservativeforcethetotal?work?donebythisforceinmovingaparticlebetweentwopointsisindependentofthepath.ifaparticletravelsinanyclosedloop,thenetworkdonebyaconservativeforceiszeromechanicalenergy

Theworkdonebygravity/changeinpotentialenergydoesnotdependonthepathtakenThegravitationalforceisa‘conservativeforce’Frictionisa‘nonconservativeforce’?ItsworkdependsonthepathConservationofmechanicalenergyNononconservativeforcedoeswork

PotentialenergyofaspringHookeslaw

Forceexertedbyaspring:Workifcompressedbyadistanced-theshadow