《大学物理简明教程》 课件 英文 9-2 Wave Optics.pptx

WaveOpticsInterferenceDiffractionTwo-slitinterferencesingle-slitcircularaperturediffractiongrating

Generalprincipalofwaveinterferencein2D(or3D)PSourceSourceS1SourceS2Sphericalwaveinphaseinphaseoroutofphase??

??S1S2?PAtPointPTheamplitudeofthenetoscillationatthepointP:

??=2k?(inphase)(2k+1)?(outofphase)constructiveinterferencedestructiveinterference?=k?(inphase)(k-1/2)?(outofphase)Forelectromagneticwaves:differenceofopticalpath(n2r2-n1r1)

Whydoweuseopticalpath?Geometriclengthrn=13wavelengthsn=26wavelengths??Twicethephasechange!thephasechangeisdeterminedbytheopticalpathlengthopticalpathlength=nr=ropticalpathlength=n’r=2r?wavelengthinvacuum?

Huygens’sPrincipleChristianHuygens(1629-1695)DutchphysicistStatement:Everypointonawave-frontmaybeconsideredasourceofsecondarysphericalwaveletswhichspreadoutintheforwarddirection.Thenewwave-frontisthetangentialsurfacetoallofthesesecondarywavelets.

PlanarwaveSphericalwave

ThomasYoung?(13June1773?–10May1829)wasanEnglishpolymathandphysician.Young’sdouble-slitexperiment….firstestablishedtheundulatorytheoryoflight,andfirstpenetratedtheobscuritywhichhadveiledforagesthehieroglyphsofEgypt.?…-Young’sepitaph

TheRosettastone

Young’sdouble-slitexperiment

Young’sdouble-slitexperimentm=0m=+1m=-1m=+2m=-2

Theopticalpathdifference:If(forexample,D=1m,s=10-4m)

Thenumbermisanintegercalledtheordernumber.Thecentralbrightfringeat(θ=0)isassociatedwiththem=0andiscalledthezeroth-ordermaximum.Thefirstmaximumoneitherside,forwhichm=1,iscalledthefirst-ordermaximum.m=2,second-ordermaximum.......1.TheconditionsforbrightanddarkfringesTheconditionforbrightfringesatPis:(constructiveinterference)

Theseequationsprovidetheangularpositionsθofthefringes.m=1,first-orderminimum