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AtomicmodelHistoricalTimelinePlanetaryModelQuantizationofOrbits-Bohr’sModelEnergyLevelandLineSpectrum
Moleculesprotein
elements
AtomicModelTimeline4
DiscoveryoftheelectronJ.J.Thomson(late1800’s)
Measuredelectron’scharge-to-massratioIdentifiedelectronasafundamentalparticle
Rutherford’sexperiment.Alphaparticle-?consistsoftwo?protons?andtwo?neutrons?boundtogetherintoaparticleidenticaltoa?helium-4?nucleusCharge:+2e
PlumPuddingmodelofanatom.
ResultsoffoilexperimentifPlumPuddingmodelhadbeencorrect.
ActualResults.
Anuclearatomviewedincrosssection.PositivechargeWherearetheelectrons?
PlanetaryModel+Accordingtoclassicalphysics,lightshouldbeemittedastheelectroncirclesthenucleus.Alossofenergywouldcausetheelectrontobedrawnclosertothenucleusandeventuallyfallintoit.Butmostatomsarestable!
Bohr’sModelNielsBohr(1885–1962)wasaDanishphysicistwhomadefoundationalcontributionstounderstandingatomicstructureandquantumtheory,forwhichhereceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1922.
Eachelectronhasafixedenergy=anenergylevel.Electronscanjumpfromoneenergyleveltoanother.Electronscannotbeorexistbetweenenergylevels.Aquantumofenergyistheamountofenergyneededtomoveanelectronfromoneenergyleveltoanotherenergylevel.Tomovefromoneleveltoanother,theelectronmustgainorlosetherightamountofenergy.Thehighertheenergylevel,thefartheritisfromthenucleus.Bohr’sModelofAtom
TheBohrModel
Linespectraofatoms15MercuryNitrogenWhenatomsabsorbenergy,electronsmoveintohigherenergylevels.Theseelectronsthenloseenergybyemittinglightwhentheyreturntolowerenergylevels.
Fingerprintsofcertainatoms
LineEmissionSpectrumofHydrogenAtoms
n=4n=3n=2n=1r1r2r3r4Theorbit,velocity,energyofelectronarequantized.Bohr’sHydrogenAtomHydrogennucleus:aprotoncharge:+e
Quantizati
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