lens tolerances software eliminates the guesswork-laser focus world镜头公差软件消除了猜测激光聚焦世界.pdfVIP

lens tolerances software eliminates the guesswork-laser focus world镜头公差软件消除了猜测激光聚焦世界.pdf

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2018/11/9Lenstolerances:Softwareeliminatestheguesswork-LaserFocusWorld

Lenstolerances:Softwareeliminatesthe

guesswork

04/01/2007

DonaldC.Dilworth

SomeyearsagoIdesignedasmallhigh-resolutionprojectionlens.Thetoleranceswere

tight,andsomeelementshadtobecenteredtowithin10µm.Thedrawingswenttoan

offshorecompany,andwhenthelensescamebacktheydidnotwork.Thevendorhad

designedthecellintwopartsthatscrewedtogether,butthethreadswerenotconcentric

withthelenses.Youcouldfeelthedecenterwithyourfingersinsomecases.Ireportedthe

errortotheshop,buttheyrepliedangrily,insultedthatIhadcriticizedtheirwork.Another

time,lensescamebackfromashopanddidnotworkproperly.Aftertwomonthsof

strenuousdenial,theshopfinallyadmittedthatthepartswerefaroutofspec.

Whilewedonotexpectlensmanufacturerstobeskilledmathematicians,theyneedto

understandthatthereisasciencebehindthetolerancesonthedrawings.Theseexamples

showthatsomedonot.Theyarenotentirelytoblame.

Beforethedevelopmentofmodernlens-designsoftware,designersassignedtolerancesto

lensdimensionsfollowingarule-of-thumbprocedureinvolvingmoreguessworkthan

calculation.Afewstilldo.Somedesignerscalculatetolerancesbyfirstgettinginverse

sensitivities,whichgivetheamountbywhicheachvariablecanbeinerrorandstillmeet

theperformancespecifications.Thentheydividethosenumbersbythesquarerootofthe

totalnumberofvariables,andthatisthebudget.

Thisprocedureisbetterthantherule-of-thumbapproach,butstillnotrigorousbymodern

standards.Thatbudgetisproperonlyincaseswhereonewouldinvariablyfindeach

parameterinerrorbyexactlytheassignedtoler

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