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TUYOUYOUAWARDEDNOBELPRIZE
6October2015
Thisyear’sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTu
Youyou(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucial
newtreatmentformalaria.Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives,and
hasledtoimprovedhealthformillionsofpeople.Over200millionpeoplearoundthe
worldgetmalariaeachyear,andabout600,000diefromit.Artemisininhasbecome
avitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearin
Africaalone.
TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on
30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.
Aftershegraduated,sheworkedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChinese
MedicineinBeijing.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientists
withtheobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwas
amongthefirstresearcherschosen.Inthebeginning,TuYouyouwenttoHainan,
wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.In1969,shebecamethe
headoftheprojectinBeijing,anddecidedtoreviewancientChinesemedicaltextsto
findtraditionalbotanicaltreatmentsforthedisease.Herteamexaminedover2,000
oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.From
theirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedical
treatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.
Onemedicaltextfromthefourthcenturysuggestedusingtheextractfromsweet
wormwoodtotreatafever.Tu’steamtestedacollectionofdriedwormwoodleaves
butfoundnoeffect.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquid
obtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.Theirprojectgotstuck.
H
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