英语词汇学各个章节的内容.docVIP

Introduction?部分：

Lexicology?这门课算哪一种学科的分支:?Lexicology?is?a?branch?of?linguistics.?

Lexicology和那些重要的学科建立了联系:1)Morphology?2)?Semantics?3)?Stylistics?4)?Etymology?5)?Lexicography

研究lexicology?的两大方法:1)?Diachronic?approach?:?历时语言学

2)?Synchronic?approach?:?共时语言学e.g.?wife?

纵观历时语言学的方法论，woman?词义的变化算是词义变化的哪一种模式？

Woman?的词义的变化算Narrowing?or?specialization?

第一章：

What?is?word??

词具有哪些特点？

词的特点也就是对词的名词解释。

1)?A?word?is?a?minimal?free?form?of?a?languagethathasagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction.2)?A?sound?unity?or?a?given?sound?;3)?a?unit?of?meaning;4)?a?form?that?can?function?alone?in?a?sentence.?

以上词的四个特点也就是词的名词解释

词的分类（classification?of?a?word）?

词根据发音可以分为哪两种词？或者说词根据拼写可以分为哪两类词？

1)?simple?words?2)?complex?words?

单音节词例子：e.g.?Man?and?fine?are?simple

多音节词例子：?

e.g.?Management,?misfortune,?blackmail?management?可以次划分为manage?和?-ment?

misfortune?可以次划分为mis-?和?fortune?blackmail?次划分为black?和?mail?

What?is?the?relationship?between?sound?and?meaning?

1)There?is?‘no?logical?relationship?between?the?sound?and?actual?thing.e.g.?dog.?cat

2)The?relationship?between?them?is?conventional.

3)?In?different?languages?the?same?concept?can?be?represented?by?

different?sounds.

What?is?relationship?between?sound?and?form?

1)The?written?form?of?a?natural?language?is?the?written?record?of?

the?oral?form.?Naturally?the?written?form?should?agree?with?the?oral?

form,?such?as?English?language.

2)This?is?fairly?true?of?English?in?its?earliest?stage?i.e.?Old?English?

3)With?the?development?of?the?language,?more?and?more?differences?

occur?between?the?two.?

What?are?the?great?changes?that?causes?illogical?relationship?or?

irregularity?between?sound?and?form?

1)?The?internal?reason?for?this?is?that?the?English?alphabet?was?

adopted?from?the?Romans,?which?does?not?have?a?separate?letter?to?

represent?each?sound?in?the?language?so?that?some?letters?must?do?

double?duty?or?work?together?in?combination.

2)?Another?reason?is?that?the?pronunciation?has?changed?more?rapidly?

than?spelling?over?the?years,?and?in?