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xx年雅思备考练习试题及答案
“Businessiswar.”Thetraditionallanguageof
businesscertainlymakesitsoundthatway:winningthe
petition,gettingmarketshare,beatingupsuppliers,
lockingupcustomers.Therearethevictorsandthelosers.
Buttodayindoingbusiness,youhavetolistento
stomers,workwithsuppliers,keepgoodrelations-evenwith
petitors.Thatdoesn’tsoundlikewar.Besides,thereare
fewvictorswhenbusinessislookeduponaswar.
Mostbusinessessueedonlyifothersalsosueed.
Businessispetitionandcooperationaswell.Inother
words,businessiswarandpeace.
Tobringtogetherpetitionandcooperation,weturnto
gametheory.Gametheoryprovidesthatwhetheroneperson
winsorlosesdependsonwhatotherpeopledo.Itis
particularlyeffectivewhentherearemanyinterdependent
factorsandnodecisioncanbemadeinisolation(孤立)from
otherdecisions.
Gametheorybreaksdownthegameintokeyelements(要
素):players,addedvalues,rules,tactics,andscope(范
围)(PARTS).Everyelementaffectstheresultofthegame.
Thismeansthateachofthefiveelementsgivesyouaway
tochangeanexistinggameintoentirelynewone.Change
oneofthePARTS,andyouchangethewhole.
Whychangethegame?AnoldChinesesayingexplains:If
youcontinueonthecourseyou’reheading,that’swhere
you’llendup.Sometimesthat’sgood,sometimesnot.You
canplaythegameverywell,andstillsuffergreatloss.
That’sbecauseyou’replayingthewronggame:youneedto
changeit.Evenagoodgamecanbemadeintoabetterone.
Realsuessesfromactivelyshapingthegameyouplay-from
makingthegameyouwant,nottakingthegameyoufind.
1,What’sthemainideaofthispassage?
2,Theauthorofthispassageisinfavoroftheidea
that“Businessiswar.”(True/False)
3,Ingametheory,cooperationnolongerexists.
(True/False)
4,Ifyouchangeoneofthe
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