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RousseausNaturalEducationthought
卢梭（Jean-JacquesRousseau，1712—1778）
MaincontentNaturaleducationaltheoryTheSocialContractTheEmileAgebystagesandeachperiod’seducation
1、Naturaleducationaltheory
Naturaleducation’spurpose-----Cultivationofnaturalperson“EverythingisgoodasitcomesfromthehandsoftheAuthorofNature”andthatevilresultsfromtheperversionofNature.
Herehemeansbynature,notasimplesocialorder,buttheinheritedtraitsandabilitiesofthechild.Hemeansthatthechild’soriginalnatureisgoodandpure.Butsincethechildisimmatureandunabletocareforhimself,educationisnecessary.
Thetaskofeducationistopreservethechild’sgoodnessandpuritywithoutstainfromtheworldandtoprovidetheconditionsinwhichitmaygrowandmature.Thecontrastnowisbetweenthegoodindividualandevilsociety.
TheSocialContractInTheSocialContractRousseaueloquentlyexpressedhisbeliefthatmanisnaturallybornnobleandfree.Societyisartificial.Equalityandlibertyarethenaturalrightsofman.
Thesocialcontractwouldbeonethatwouldpreservethenaturalrightstolife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.Asocietyhastherighttooverthrowanyleader,government,orexternalpowerthatviolatesthisdemocraticcovenant.
TheEmileEmiledidforeducationwhatTheSocialContractdidforpolities.ThefirstwordsinEmileareasfollows：“Godmakesallthingsgood;manmeddleswiththemandtheybecomeevil.”AccordingtoRousseau,onlybylivingclosetonaturecanone’snaturalgoodnessproperlyunfoldanddevelop.
3、Agebystagesandeachperiod’seducationTheanimalstage(birthtoage5years)Thesavagestage(age5to12years)Therationalstage(age12to15years)Thesocialstage(age15to20years)
4、TheinfluenceofRousseauJohannPestalozziHerbertSpencerJohnDeweyFriedrichFroebel
TalkaboutyourunderstandingofthenaturaleducationWhatdoyouthinkisthepur
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