外刊阅读-我们需要“捕捉碳”来应对气候变化.pdfVIP

本文选自2018年8月1日《科学美国人》一的篇文章。作者指出，面对

气候变化的严峻挑战，政府和企业应积极利用CCUS技术，捕获、利用、储存

碳，完成减碳目标。行文脉络：引出话题：应利用CCUS应对气候变化（第一、

二段）——介绍CCUS的最新进展、必要性、益处（第三、四、五段）——CCUS

面临的反对及作者对此的反驳（第六段）——提出建议（第七段）。

【原文】

I①TheconclusionoftheParisAgreementin2015,inwhichalmostevery

nationcommittedtoreducetheircarbonemissions,wassupposedtobeaturning

pointinthefightagainstclimatechange.②Butmanycountrieshavealreadyfallen

behindtheirgoals,andtheU.S.hasnowannounceditwillwithdrawfromthe

agreement.③Meanwhileemissionsworldwidecontinuetorise.

II①Theonlywaytomakeupgroundistoaggressivelypursueanapproach

thattakesadvantageofeverypossiblestrategytoreduceemissions.②Theusual

itmustalsoincludeinvestingheavilyincarboncapture,utilizationandstorage

(CCUS)—acohortoftechnologiesthatpullcarbondioxidefromsmokestacks,oreven

fromtheair,andconvertitintousefulmaterialsorstoreitunderground.

III①AlthoughCCUShasbeenopposedastooexpensiveandunproved,recent

gainshavemadeitfarmoreeffective.②Improvementssuchaschemical

compoundsthataremoreefficientatlatchingontocarboncoulddrivethecost

downfrom$100pertonofcapturedcarbonin2016to$20pertonby2025,

accordingtoa2016articleinScience.③Start-upsarealsodevelopingnewtactics,

amongthemthetransformationoftrappedcarbonintofertilizer,whichcouldspur

furthersavings.

IV①WithoutCCUS,thelevelofcutsneededtokeepglobalwarmingtotwo

degreesCelsius(3.6degreesFahrenheit)—theupperlimitallowedintheParis

Agreement—probablycannotbeachieved,accordingtotheInternationalEnergy

Agency.②By2050carboncaptureandstoragemustprovideatleast13percentof

1

thereductionsneededtokeepwarmingincheck,theagencycalculates.

V①CCUStechnologiescanalsohelpdecarbonizeemissionsinheavy

industry—includingproductionofcement,re