备考雅思英语阅读材料.pdf

备考雅思英语阅读材料

克隆

Nearlyalllivingorganismshaveparentsinwhichtheywere

reproducedandbornthroughvariousstagesofthelifecycle.Whetherit

isahumanbeingwithamotherandafatherorachickenhatchingfrom

anegg,mostlivingorganismshavemaleandfemaleparents.Someliving

organismsalsoformfromoneparentsuchaswhenasingle-celledamoeba

splitsintotwotoreproduceoffspring.

几乎所有的生命体在生命周期的不同阶段都有双亲孕育和培养。无论是有

父母双亲的人类还是从一只从鸡蛋孵化而成的鸡，大部分生命体有两性亲代。也有

一些生物体形成于单一亲代，例如单细胞变形虫分裂成两个从而繁衍后代。

However,thereisaprocesswhichismuchdifferentinproducing

offspringcalledcloning.Cloningistheprocesswhenscientiststake

DNAfromananimalcellandthenplaceitorimplantitintoaneggcell

takenfromanotheranimal.Beforeplacingthough,theDNAfromthecell

receivingitisremoved.

然而，克隆这种繁殖后代的方法大相径庭。克隆是科学家在动物细胞提取

DNA然后将其放入或植入其他动物卵细胞的过程。在植入之前，受体细胞内的DNA

被移除。

Anexampleofcloning,whichmadehistoryin1997,waswhen

scientistssuccessfullyclonedasheep.ThenewsheepsnamewasDolly,

andshewasnotbornintheusualmanner.Instead,shebecameanexact

copyofhermother,similartoanidenticaltwin.Itwouldbenearlythe

sameastakingtheDNAfromthesonofamother,placingtheDNAinthe

eggcellofanotherwoman,butfirstremovingthewomansownDNA,and

thenallowthegrowthofthenewcellinthewoman.Ninemonthslater

therewouldbeanexactcopyofthemotherssonborntothewoman.

克隆史上的首例是科学家在1997年成功克隆羊。取名为多莉的克隆羊以

非常规方式孕育而成。然而，她与其母本完全一致，类似于同卵双生。这与采集儿

子母亲的DNA后放入另一个女人的已除去其本身DNA的卵细胞中，然后新细胞的在

女人体内生长。九个月后女人便产下与其儿子母亲完全一致的男婴。

Inthecaseofcloning,afatherisnotneeded.Inthefirst

successfulcloningofananimaltheDNAmoleculehadallofthe

informationneededtocreateaclone,Dolly.TheDNAmoleculescontains

thegeneticcode,whichisbasicallydirectionsforthenew