模块五-Unit3-过去分词.ppt

GrammarandusageScienceandNatureUnit3

Verb-edform过去分词

一.过去分词的特征1.规则动词的过去分词在动词原形后加-ed如：finish→finished不规则动词的过去分词如：see→seenlose→lost2.过去分词相当于形容词和副词，在句中可以作定语，表语，宾语补足语和状语。abrokenglass一只损坏的杯子thedevelopedcountry发达国家

二.过去分词的时态与语态1.既表示被动，又表示完成。Thebook(writtenbyme)willbepublished.→Thebook(whichhasbeenwrittenbyme)willbepublished.2.只表示被动，不表示完成。aprofessor(calledSmith)→aprofessor(whoiscalledSmith)

3.只表示完成，不表示被动。(多为不及物动词)thefallentrees→thetrees(whichhavefallen)therisensun→thesun(whichhasrisen)

三.过去分词的句法功能1.作定语：说明被修饰词的动作或性质the(fallen)trees→thetrees(whichhavefallen)Whatisthelanguage(spokeninthatcountry)?→Whatisthelanguage(whichspokeninthatcountry)??注：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词之前，分词短语作定语放在名词之后。可以用定语从句改写。

2.作表语：表示主语的状态或状况，相当于形容词。Theglassisbroken.Thedoorremainedlocked.门仍然锁着。?过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或状况；被动语态，表示主语所承受的动作。Theglassisbroken.Theglasswasbrokenbyhissister.

3.作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动，宾语与过去分词是被动关系。（1）感觉，感官动词后的过去分词作宾语补足语，动词有：see,observe,notice,watch,hear,smell,listento,lookat,feel,find等。IoftenheardthesongsunginFrench.

（2）使役，致使动词后的过去分词作宾语补足语。动词有：catch,have,set,get,leave,keep等。Ihadmyhaircutshortyesterday.Theboywenttobedearlierandlefthishomeworkundone.?注：?当句子改为被动语态时，动词过去分词作主语补足语，说明主语所处的状态。

Wefoundthedoorbroken.→Thedoorwasfoundbroken.?动词的过去分词与现在分词，不定式作宾语补足语的区别。?动词的现在分词强调主动关系，且正在进行。?动词的不定式强调动作的全过程（即结果）?动词的过去分词强调被动关系

Isawhimcomingintotheclassroom.Isawhimcomeintotheclassroom.Isawhimtakenoutoftheclassroom.

4.作状语：过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。(1)作时间状语，相当于when/while引导的从句。[Seenfromthetower],thecitylooksmuchmorebeautiful.→Whenitisseenfromthetower,thecitylooksmuchmorebeautiful.

(2)作原因状语，相当于as,since,because引导的从句。[Bornintoapoorfamily],hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.→Becausehewasbornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.

(3)作方式或伴随状语，可以改写成并列句。Theoldmangotonthebus,[supportedbyhisson].→Theoldmangotonthebus,andhewas