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DesignandAnalysisofAlgorithms
ShortestPathsI(Ch24)
2DesignandAnalysisofAlgorithmsShortestPathsITopics:ShortestpathsDijkstra’algorithm
3PathsingraphsConsideradigraphG=(V,E),withedge-weightfunctionw:E?R.Theweightofpathp=v1?v2--…?vkisdefinedtobew(p)=∑i=1..k-1w(vi,vi+1)Example:
4ShortestpathsAshortestpathfromutovisapathofminimumweightfromutov.Theshortest-pathweightformutovisdefinedas
5OptimalstructureTheorem.Asubgraphofshortestpathisashortestpath.Proof.Cutandpaste:v6
6TriangleinequalityTheorem.Forallu,v,x∈V,wehaveδ(u,v)≤δ(u,x)+δ(x,v)Proof.
7Well-definednessofshortestpathsIfagraphGcontainsanegative-weightcycle,thensomeshortestpathsmaynotexist.
8Single-sourceshortestpathsProblem.Fromagivensourcevertexs∈V,findtheshortest-pathweightδ(s,v)forallv∈V.Ifalledgeweightw(u,v)arenonnegative,allshortest-pathweightsmustexist.IDEA:Greedy1.MaintainasetSofverticeswhoseshortest-pathdistancesfromsareknown2.AteachstepaddtoSthevertexv∈V-Swhosedistanceestimatefromsisminimal.3.Updatethedistanceestimatesofverticesadjacenttov.
9Dijkstra’salgorithm
10ExampleofDijkstra’salgorithmGraphwithnonnegativeedgeweights:
11ExampleofDijkstra’salgorithmInitialize:
12ExampleofDijkstra’salgorithm
13ExampleofDijkstra’salgorithmRelaxalledgesleavingA:
14ExampleofDijkstra’salgorithm
15ExampleofDijkstra’salgorithmRelaxalledgesleavingC:
16ExampleofDijkstra’salgorithm
17ExampleofDijkstra’salgorithmRelaxalledgesleavingE:
18ExampleofDijkstra’salgorithm
19ExampleofDijkstra’salgorithmRelaxalledgesleavingB:
20ExampleofDijkstra’salgorithm
21SimpleReviewKnapsackProblem0/1HuffmancodesShortestpathsDijkstra’salgorithm
22Dijkstra’salgorithm
23AnalysisofDijkstra’salgorithmHanshakingLemma?Θ(E)implicitDECREASE-KEY’sTime=Θ(V.TEXTRACT-MIN+E.TDECREASE-KEY)Note:
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