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ABriefIntroductiontoHelicoptersRobertL.RoedtsIIThePennsylvaniaStateUniversityRotorcraftCenterofExcellence
WhatisaHelicopter?UniqueFeaturesRotating-wingvehiclesAbilitytohoverLandandtake-offverticallyFlyforward,backwardandsidewaysHelicoptersarecloselyrelatedtoautogyrosandtiltrotors.
MotivationTheoveralluniqueaspectofahelicopterisit’sabilitytohoverforextendedperiodsoftime.Theabilitytohoveritaveryusefulattribute.Angoodexampleisthatofahummingbird.
Withthisabilitytohover,helicopterscanperformawiderangeofmissions.HelicoptersatWork
ComparisonofFixed-WingAircraftandHelicoptersFixedWingAircraft
ComparisonofFixed-WingAircraftandHelicoptersHelicopter
ConfigurationsofRotorcraftManydifferentwaystocounterReactiveTorqueOtherpossibilities:Tipjets,tipmountedenginesQuestion:Whydoeachofthesemethodswork?Whatarethelikelyadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeach?
ConfigurationsofRotorcraft
MainRotor-TailRotorConfig.
ConfigurationsofRotorcraft
TandemRotors(Chinook)
ConfigurationsofRotorcraft
CoaxialRotors(KamovKA-52)
ConfigurationsofRotorcraft
NOTARHelicopter
ConfigurationsofRotorcraft
TiltRotor(BA609)
UnequalLiftDistributionLift~V2
High-SpeedForwardFlightLimitationsAstheforwardspeedincreases,advancingsideexperiencesshockeffects,retreatingsidestalls.Thislimitsthrustavailable.Vibrationsgoup,becauseoftheincreaseddynamicpressure,andincreasedharmoniccontent.Shocknoisegoesup.Fuselagedragincreases,andparasitepowerconsumptiongoesupasV3.Weneedtounderstandandaccuratelypredicttheairloadsinhighspeedforwardflight.
InteractionalAerodynamicsTherearemanywaystodealwiththeseproblems.Oneexamplewouldbetheairfoilselection.
RotorDescentStates
GroundInteractionsAtlowforwardspeeds,lesspowerisrequired.
AirfoilDesignRotorcraftpresentaninterestingproblemforairfoildesign.
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