gmat阅读结论说明类十五课时.pptx

GMAT–RC结论说明类2AmyHou

OG上结论说明文章范例文章精讲结论说明文章特征

LineInterrestrialenvironments,gravityplaces

specialdemandsonthecardiovascularsystemsof

animals.Gravitationalpressurecancausebloodto

poolinthelowerregionsofthebody,makingit(5)difficulttocirculatebloodtocriticalorganssuchas

thebrain.Terrestrialsnakes,inparticular,exhibit

adaptationsthataidincirculatingbloodagainstthe

forceofgravity.

Theproblemconfrontingterrestrialsnakesisbest(10)illustratedbywhathappenstoseasnakeswhenremovedfromtheirsupportivemedium.Becausethe

verticalpressuregradientswithinthebloodvessels

arecounteractedbysimilarpressuregradientsinthe

surroundingwater,thedistributionofblood(15)throughoutthebodyofseasnakesremainsabout

thesameregardlessoftheirorientationinspace,

providedtheyremainintheocean.Whenremoved

fromthewaterandtiltedatvariousangleswiththeOG

headup,however,bloodpressureattheirmidpoint(20)dropssignificantly,andatbrainlevelfallstozero.

Thatmanyterrestrialsnakesinsimilarspatial

orientationsdonotexperiencethiskindofcirculatory

failuresuggeststhatcertainadaptationsenablethem

toregulatebloodpressuremoreeffectivelyinthose(25)orientations.Onesuchadaptationisthecloserproximityofthe

terrestrialsnakeshearttoitshead,whichhelpsto

ensurecirculationtothebrain,regardlessofthe

snakesorientationinspace.Theheartofseasnakes(30)canbelocatednearthemiddleofthebody,a

positionthatminimizestheworkentailedin

circulatingbloodtobothextremities.Inarboreal

snakes,however,whichdwellintreesandoften

assumeaverticalposture,theaveragedistance(35)fromthehearttotheheadcanbeaslittleas15OG

percentofoverallbodylength.Suchalocation

requiresthatbloodcirculatedtothetailofthe

snaketravelagreaterdistancebacktotheheart,

aproblemsolvedbyanotheradaptation.When(40