2017职称英语《卫生A级》模拟试题及答案.docx

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2017职称英语《卫生A级》模拟试题及答案

Anavalancheisasuddenandrapidflowofsnow,oftenmixedwithair

andwater,downamountainside.Avalanchesare1thebiggestdangersinthe

mountainsforbothlifeandproperty.

?Allavalanchesarecausedbyanover-burdenofmaterial,typically

snowpack,thatistoomassiveandunstablefortheslope2supportsit.

Determiningthecriticalload,theamountofover-burdenwhichis3an

avalanche,4acomplextaskinvolvingtheevaluationofanumberoffactors.

?Terrainslopesflatterthan25degreesorsteeperthan60degrees

typicallyhavealow5ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot6significantlyonsteep

slopes;also,snowdoesnot7easilyonfiatslopes.Human-triggered

avalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow#39;sangleofrest1

is835and45degrees;thecriticalangle,theangleatwhichthehuman

incidenceofavalanchesisgreatest,is38degrees.Theruleofthumb2is:A

slopethatis9enoughtoholdsnowbutsteepenoughtoskihasthepotential

togenerateanavalanche,regardlessoftheangle.Additionally3,avalanche

riskincreaseswith10;thatis,themoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiers,the

morelikelyitisthatanavalanchewilloccur.

?Duetothecomplexityofthesubject,wintertravellinginthe

backcountry4isnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafetyisacontinuous11,

includingrouteselectionandexaminationtothesnowpack,weather12,and

humanfactors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalso13therisk.Iflocal

authoritiesissueavalancheriskreports,theyshouldbeconsideredandall

warningsshouldbepaid14to.Neverfollowinthetracksofotherswithout

yourownevaluations;snowconditionsarealmostcertaintohavechanged

sincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainandnoteobviousavalanchepaths

whereplantsare15ordamaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomight

triggeranavalanche.词汇：avalanche/5AvE7lB:nF/n.雪崩terrain/

5terein/n.地形，地势ciple，basedonexperienceorpra

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