第三节人类活动对生物多样性影响.docxVIP

第三节人类活动对生物多样性影响

目录

1.内容综述................................................3

1.1生物多样性重要性.....................................3

1.2人类活动定义.........................................5

1.3目的与研究范围.......................................6

2.生物多样性概述..........................................7

2.1生物多样性概念.......................................8

2.2分类系统.............................................9

2.2.1生命分类等级....................................10

2.2.2生物多样性类型..................................12

3.人类活动的类型.........................................13

3.1农业活动............................................14

3.2工业和污染..........................................16

3.3森林砍伐和土地转换..................................18

3.4气候变化............................................18

3.5自然资源的开发与消费模式............................20

3.6外来物种入侵........................................21

4.生物多样性负面影响实例.................................22

4.1生态系统退化案例....................................24

4.1.1珊瑚礁退化......................................25

4.1.2河流生态受损....................................26

4.2物种灭绝............................................28

4.2.1森林植物物种减少................................29

4.2.2动物物种灭绝....................................30

4.3遗传资源的流失......................................32

4.3.1遗传多样性丧失的原因............................32

4.3.2遗传资源保护措施................................34

5.影响机制...............................................35

5.1栖息地破坏与碎片化..................................36

5.2气候变化对生物多样性的影响..........................37

5.3物种间的相互作用改变................................39

5.4环境污染与生态系统的相互影响........................40

6.保育措施...............................................41

6.1就地保护............................................42

6.2移地保护............................................43

6.3圈养与人工增殖......................................45

6.4生态恢复............................................46

6.5公众参与与教育.....................