人教版高考英语一轮总复习精品课件 必修1 研真题 链接高考.ppt

研真题链接高考

必修1英语

(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)——语言

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon

“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyare

certainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudy

showsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthat

arenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeech

soundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthe

languagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhy

thistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadults

werealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformed

bytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoan

overbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththe

developmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasierto

chewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandso

didn’tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobal

changeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof

“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.These

soundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeople

today.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswere

presentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetof

speechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthat

wefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiological

changeandculturalevolution,”saidSteven