南航双语矩阵论第一章习题答案2016年版.pdf

SolutionKey(chapter1)

Exercise2.

Themainpointistoshowthatthissetisnotclosedundermultiplication.

Take2S,222.But2S.

If2S,thentherearerationalnumbersaandb,suchthat

2a2b3.(Itisclearthata0andb0.)

Thiswillleadto

42a3b22

6

2ab

Therighthandisarationalnumberandthelefthandsideisanirrationalnumber.

Thisisimpossible.Thus,Sisnotclosedundermultiplication.Hence,Sisnotafield.

Exercise7.

xyxz

(x)(xy)(x)(xz)

[(x)x]y[(x)x]z

0y0z

yz

Exercise12

Itisavectorspace.

A1：

A2：,

Hence,

A3：Theexistenceofthezeroelement.

Thezeroelementmustsatisfthatforan,

Thatisforan，.Weobtainthatthezeroelementis

A4:Theexistenceofadditiveinverse.

Foreach，itsadditiveinverseis,since

.(Notethatisthezeroelementof)

M1：

M2：

M3：

1

M4：

Exercise13.

(a)No,itisnotasubspace.DenotethesetbyS.Take

px()xxSqx()xxS2,2.

Then

px()qx()2xS.

Sisnotclosedunderaddition.Hence,Sisnotasubspace.

(Or:ThesetSdoesnotcontainthezeropolynomial,hence,isnotasubspace.)

(b)DenotethesetbyS.

33

(b)Takepx()x1Spx()x1S,.

Thenpx()qx()2S.

Sisnotclosedunderaddition.Hence,Sisnotasubspace.

(Or:ThesetSdoesnotcontainthezeropolynomial,hence,isnotasubspace.)

(c)Yes,itisasubspace.Checkthatthissetisclosedunderadditionandscalar

multiplication.

(d)No,itisnotasubspace.DenotethesetbyS.

Takepx()x1Spx()x1Spx()qx()2S,,.

Sisnotclosedunderaddition.Hence,Sisnotasubspace.

Exercise15.

(a)Yes,itisasubspace.Checkthatthissetisclosedunderadditionandscalar

multiplication.

(b)Yes,it