2025年中考英语人教版专题复习课件（甘肃）+专题十+构词法.pptxVIP

专题十构词法

命题点1派生法在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。

考向1前缀（前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性）1.表否定意义的前缀前缀含义示例un-不，非able→unableusual→unusualhappy→unhappylock→unlockcomfortable→uncomfortablein-不,无，非active→inactivecorrect→incorrectexpensive→inexpensivecomplete→incompleteim-不，无，非polite→impolitepatient→impatientpossible→impossible

前缀含义示例dis-不，非like→dislikeappear→disappearagree→disagreehonest→dishonestnon-不；非smoker→non-smokernative→non-native2.其他

前缀含义示例mis-错误地understand→misunderstandlead→misleadre-再；又，重复view→reviewbuild→rebuildwrite→rewriteinter-相互；交互在一起net→Internetnational→internationala-处于……状态或过程中live→alivewake→awakeen-使可能rich→enrichable→enable

前缀含义示例tele-远的；电视的；电话的phone→telephonevision→televisioncontrol→telecontrol

考向2后缀（后缀多数改变词性）类型后缀示例形容词→名词-nessill→illness sad→sadnesscareful→carefulnesskind→kindnesshappy→happiness（-le变）-（il）ityable→ability real→realitypossible→possibility-ce（以t结尾先去t，再加-ce）important→importancesilent→silencedifferent→difference

类型后缀示例形容词→名词（去e加）-thtrue→truth warm→warmth-（e）rforeign→foreignerstrange→stranger-tysafe→safety形容词→副词-lyquiet→quietly real→reallyfinal→finally以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先变y为i，再加-lyhappy→happily angry→angrilyheavy→heavily

类型后缀示例形容词→副词以“辅音字母+e”结尾，先去掉e，再加-ysimple→simply terrible→terriblycomfortable→comfortably以“ll”结尾，直接加-yfull→fully少数以e结尾，要先去掉e，再加-lytrue→truly名词→名词-istart→artist piano→pianisttour→tourist

类型后缀示例名词→名词-hoodchild→childhoodneighbor→neighborhood-shipleader→leadershipfriend→friendship-eseChina→ChineseJapan→Japanese-n,-an,-ianAustralia→AustralianEurope→Europeanmusic→musician

类型后缀示例名词→形容词-yrain→rainy health→healthywealth→wealthy luck→lucky

类型后缀示例名词→形容词-lylove→lovely friend→friendly-ousdanger→dangeroushumor→humorous-fuluse→useful help→helpfulcare→careful-lessuse→useless help→helplessend→endlesscare→careless-ernsouth→southern west→western

类型后缀示例名词→形容词-engold→golden wood→wooden-alnation→nationaltradition→traditional-ishfool→foolish child→childish动词→名词-er,-or,-（r）essteach→teacher win→winneract→actor visit→visitorhost→hostess wait