慢性阻塞性肺疾病知识大全.docxVIP

慢性阻塞性肺疾病知识大全

目录

1.慢性阻塞性肺疾病概述....................................3

1.1疾病定义.............................................4

1.2疾病历史.............................................5

1.3疾病流行病学.........................................6

2.病因与发病机制..........................................7

2.1环境因素.............................................8

2.2个体因素............................................10

2.3病理生理机制........................................11

3.临床表现...............................................12

4.诊断与评估.............................................13

4.1常规检查............................................14

4.1.1血常规..........................................15

4.1.2尿常规..........................................15

4.1.3肝肾功能........................................16

4.2呼吸功能检查........................................18

4.2.1肺功能测试......................................18

4.2.2血气分析........................................19

4.3影像学检查..........................................20

5.病情分级与分期.........................................21

5.1病情分级............................................22

5.2病情分期............................................22

5.2.1急性加重期......................................23

5.2.2稳定期..........................................24

6.预防与控制.............................................25

6.1环境预防............................................26

6.2药物治疗............................................27

6.2.1短效β2受体激动剂................................28

6.2.2抗胆碱能药物....................................29

6.2.3糖皮质激素......................................30

6.2.4稳定期治疗......................................31

6.3非药物治疗..........................................32

6.3.1呼吸锻炼........................................33

6.3.2营养支持........................................34

7.并发症.................................................35

7.1呼吸系统并发症......................................36

7.1.1慢性肺源性心脏病.