英语国家概况名词解释英国篇[1] .pdfVIP

英国部分

Chapter1

Officialname官方名称：TheofficialnameoftheUnitedKingdomistheUnited

KingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

BritishEmpire大英帝国：Aboutahundredyearsago,asaresultofits

imperialistexpansion,Britainruledanempirethathadonefourthofthe

world’speopleandonefourthoftheworld’slandarea.However,thetwo

worldwarsgreatlyweakenedBritain.TheBritishcoloniesbecame

independentoneafteranother.TheBritishEmpiregraduallydisappearedand

itwasreplacedbytheBritishCommonwealthin1931.

CommonwealthofNations/theBritishCommonwealth英联邦：It’safree

associationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwas

establishedin1931,replacingtheformerBritishEmpire.Membernationsare

joinedtogethereconomicallyandhavecertaintradingarrangements.The

Commonwealthhasnospecialpower.Thedecisiontobecameamemberof

theCommonwealthislefttoeachnation.Atpresentthereare50member

countrieswithintheCommonwealth.

Chapter2

Heptarchy七王国：DuringtheAnglo—Saxon’stime,Britainwasdividedinto

manykingdoms.ThesesevenprincipalkingdomsofKent,Essex,Sussex,

Wessex,EastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbria.Theyweregiventhenameof

Heptarchy.

AlfredtheGreat亚尔弗雷得大帝：AlfredwastheKingofWessex,whowas

strongenoughtodefeattheinvadingDanesandreachedafriendly

agreementwiththem.Hefoundedastrongfleetandisknownas“thefather

oftheBritishnavy”.HereorganizedtheSaxonarmy,makingitmoreefficient.

Heestablishedschoolsandformulatedalegalsystem.Hetranslatedbooks

fromLatinintoEnglish.

WilliamtheConqueror征服者威廉：HewasalsoknownasWilliam,Dukeof

Normandy.In1066,heinvadedEngland,defeatedandkilledHaroldnear

HastingsinSussexandconqueredEngland.Heconfiscatedalmostalltheland

andgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewitha

strongNormangovernment.Sothefeudalsystemwa