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中国养老金改革
“PensionReforminChina”
BYSTUARTH.LECKIE,O.B.E.,J.P.,F.F.A.,F.I.A.CHAIRMAN,GREATERCHINAHEWITTASSOCIATESTEL:(852)21479278FAX:(852)2147282221January2002TheActuarialProfession-AgeingPopulation
ContentsMapofChinaPRCPopulationOldSystem(‘IronRiceBowl’)WorldBankPensionPrinciplesfortheFutureNewSystem(‘SafetyNet’)FinancingPensionAssetsDevelopCapitalMarketsImplementationIssuesSupplementaryPensionPlansOpportunitiesforFundManagersNationalSocialSecurityFundLiaoningExperimentComparisonofHongKongandPRCPossibleDevelopmentsinChinaMajorFactorsforanIdealRetirementSystem
MapofChina
PRCPopulationTotal:RuralPopulation:+UrbanPopulationConsider:OneChildPolicyGreatlyimprovedlifeexpectancyDependencyRatiodeterioratingrapidlyExceeds1.2billion900million+400millionAges:0-14 100million15-64 275million65+ 25million
OldSystem(‘IronRiceBowl’)WorkersemployedforlifebyStateOwnedEnterprises(SOE)LowWagesbutTotalSecurityPensionat60(Males)or55(Females)=80%offinalsalaryPensionspaidbySOEsNoPre-fundingorReserves(i.e.pay-as-you-go),butwhatifSOEsunabletopaypensions?Chinaisveryconcernedaboutsocialunrestresultingfromunpaidpensionsandtheunemployed
WorldBankInearly1990s,WorldBankstudieshowbesttosolvetheageingissuesinChinaWorldBanksuggestedathreepillarapproachGovernmentrunbasicpensionPrivatelyrunindividualaccountsVoluntaryemployer/individualsavings1993and1996announcementsonsocialsecurityreformUnifysocialsecuritypensionCreateindividualaccountswithinbasicsocialsecurityEnhancewithsupplementarypensionplans
PensionPrinciplesforFutureReducepensionexpectationsCostburdentobesharedbyemployeran
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