高考英语（江苏专用 译林）复习：真题研练 week 1　monday含解析.docVIP

Week1Monday

Task1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2016·江苏，B)Chimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways，likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings，theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren，whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.

Inthelaboratory，chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor，withnogreatereffort，aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage，hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.

Humanchildren，ontheotherhand，arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages，theydesiretohelpothers，toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor，almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.

Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp，informandsharearenottaught，butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(认知的)skills，atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello，thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.

Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthi