语言学练习(语言学教程 胡壮麟主编).pdfVIP

Exerciseoflinguistics语言学练习（语言学教程胡壮麟主编）

IExplainthefollowingtermsinEnglish.

1.Homonymy同音（或同形）异义关系：Thephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferent

meaningshavethesameformiscalledhomonymy.,i.e.differentwordsareidentical

(相同的)insoundorspelling,orinboth.

例：forinstance,1)同形异义词homographs:cloze[kləuz]close[kləuz],sow

/səʊ/sow/soʊ/(US);2)同音异义词homophones:flowerflour,deardeer,

etc.3)同形同音词perfecthomonyms：angleangle,bankbank.

2.predicationanalysisisanewapproachforsentential

(述谓分析法)（语义分析）

meaninganalysis.Predicationisusuallyconsideredanimportantcommoncategory

sharedbypropositions,questions,commandsect.Predicationistobreakdownthe

sentenceintotheirsmallerconstituents:argument(logicalparticipant)andpredicate

(relationelement).Thepredicateisthemajororpivotalelementgoverningthe

argument.(instance)

3tenorofdiscourse（话语意旨）The―tenorofdiscourse‖isaboutthevariation

relatingto,orresultingfrom,whattheuseristryingtodowithlanguage,suchas

teaching,persuading,advertising,instructing,etc.Thegenericsituationofadiscourse

isoftendeterminedintermsoftenorofdiscourse.Forexample,anadvertisementisby

definitionanattempttopersuadethroughlinguisticandvisualmeans,andasermonis

designedtoexhortandteach.

4.Arbitrariness任意性：referstothefactthattheformsoflinguisticsignshaveno

naturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.Thereisnologicconnectionbetweenmeaning

andsounds.Forinstance,wecannotexplainwhyabookiscalleda/buk/andapena

/pen/(1.3.1)

5.Performance(语言运用)：thelanguageactuallyusedbypeopleinspeakingorwriting.(1.9.4)A

speaker’slanguageper