建筑力学-1讲解课件讲解.pptx

《建筑力学》12.4压杆稳定的计算主讲人：洪荣宝

12.4.1压杆稳定的实用计算方法工程中常采用折减系数法对压杆进行稳定计算，这种方法不仅可以对压杆进行稳定校核，还可以设计截面。(1)压杆的稳定条件：压杆在强度破坏之前就因丧失稳定而破坏。式中，φ为折减系数或稳定系数，≤1的正数；A为压杆的横截面面积；[σ]为压杆强度计算时的许用应力。折减系数φ与压杆的材料有关，也与压杆的柔度λ有关。(1)

12.4.1压杆稳定的实用计算方法截面形式对x轴对y轴轧制a类a类焊接b类b类轧制，b/h≤0.8a类b类轧制，b/h0.8b类b类轧制b类b类xyxyyyyx轴心受压构件的截面分类(板厚t40mm)

12.4.1压杆稳定的实用计算方法Q235钢a类截面轴心受压构件的稳定系数φλ012345678901.0001.0001.0001.0000.9990.9990.9980.9980.9970.996100.9950.9940.9930.9920.9910.9890.9880.9860.9850.983200.9810.9790.9770.9760.9740.9720.9700.9680.9660.964300.9630.9610.9590.9570.9550.9520.9500.9480.9460.944400.9410.9390.9370.9340.9320.9290.9270.9240.9210.919500.9160.9130.9100.9070.9040.9000.8970.8940.8900.886600.8830.8790.8750.8710.8670.8630.8580.8540.8490.844700.8390.8340.8290.8240.8180.8130.8070.8010.7950.789800.7830.7760.7700.7630.7570.7500.7430.7360.7280.721900.7140.7060.6990.6910.6840.6760.6680.6610.6530.6451000.6380.6300.6220.6150.6070.6000.5920.5850.5770.570

12.4.1压杆稳定的实用计算方法Q235钢b类截面轴心受压构件的稳定系数φλ012345678901.0001.0001.0000.9990.9990.9980.9970.9960.9950.994100.9920.9910.9890.9870.9850.9830.9810.9780.9760.973200.9700.9670.9630.9600.9570.9530.9500.9460.9430.939300.9360.9320.9290.9250.9220.9180.9140.9100.9060.903400.8990.8950.8910.8870.8820.8780.8740.8700.8650.861500.8560.8520.8470.8420.8380.8330.8280.8230.8180.813600.8070.8020.7970.7910.7860.7800.7740.7690.7630.757700.7510.7450.7390.7320.7260.7200.7140.7070.7010.694800.6880.6810.6750.6680.6610.6550.6480.6410.6350.628900.6210.6140.6080.6010.5940.5880.5810.5750.5680.5611000.5550.5490.5420.5360.5290.5230.5170.5110.5050.499

式中，nst为稳定安全系数，一般都大于强度计算时的安全系数；12.4.1压杆稳定的实用计算方法工程中，为保证压杆具有足够的稳定性，还必须考虑一定的安全储备，这就要求横截面上的应力，不能超过压杆的临界应力的许用值[σcr]，即当(1)式和(2)式同时取等号时，即(2)[σ]只与材料有关，当材料一定时，其值为定值；而[σcr]与材料和压杆的柔度有关，相同材料制成的不同柔度的压杆，其值也不相同。

12.4.2压杆稳定的三类问题(1)稳定校核(2)设计截面由于截面未知，所以柔度λ和折减系数φ也未知。计算时一般先假设φ1=0.5，试选截面尺寸、型号，算得λ后再查φ’1。若二者相差较大，则再选二者的平均值重新试算，直至相差不大为止。选出截面后再进行稳定校核。(3)确定许用荷载

12.4.2压杆稳定的三类问题例题1：一焊接Q235钢管支柱，两端铰支，其外径D=150mm，内径d=138mm，柱高l=3.