中医英语翻译概论.ppt

TCMTranslationTheory中医英语翻译理论翻译SL的無等值词汇時，用TL中的直接对应词代換無等值词汇的組成部分(词素/词)借用英语中已有的相关單词來表达中医学特有的概念肝血 liverblood血虚 blooddeficiency活血化瘀 activatingbloodtoresolvestagnation1.1仿造1中医翻译概论句子层次的翻译也能运用仿造法從阴阳翻则生，逆之翻则死。Following(thelawof)yinandyangensureslife,whileviolatingitleadstodeath.阴虚翻则热，阳虚翻则寒。Deficiencyofyingeneratesheatanddeficiencyofyangproducescold.0103021.1仿造1中医翻译概论中医术语高度凝煉，难以用同樣長短的英语表达清楚翻译往往以解釋、定义方式進行辨证论治diagnosisandtreatmentbasedontheoverallanalysisofsymptomsandsigns虚脹Flatulenceduetoyang-deficiencyofthespleenandkidney1.2定义化1中医翻译概论1中医翻译概论1.2定义化缺点简洁变冗長，违反科技术语翻译、使用的原翻则和语境难以配合有碍中医术语英译迈向规范简化处理辨证论治treatmentbasedonsyndromedifferentiation(Li)identifyingpatternsanddeterminingtreatment(Wiseman)虚胀deficiency-flatulencevacuitydistension同一中医术语在不同语境下，可以有不同涵义(一词多义polysemy)同一概念也可用不同术语表达(同义词synonymy)虚asthenia,deficiency,insufficiency,weakness,debility,hypofunction……1.3词义分化1中医翻译概论1中医翻译概论1.3词义分化脾虚astheniaofthespleen(Li)spleenvacuity(Wiseman)spleendeficiency(WHOdraft)*脾虚水泛hypofunctionofthespleen*(Li)体虚weakness/debility必須考虑语境肾藏精，精舍志。1「精」指精气2Thekidneystoresessenceandtheessencemaintainsactivities.精1伤翻则骨痠痿厥，精2時自下。3「精1」指「肾精」；「精2」指「精液」4Thedamageofthekidneyessencecausesachingandflaccidityofthebonesaswellascoldsensationinthelimbs,whichwillfurtherleadstofrequentseminalemission.51.3词义分化1中医翻译概论必須考虑语境1.3词义分化(續)「精」指「精深」Thetheoryofpulseisveryprofoundandtheconditionsofpulsearedifficulttodifferentiate.脈理精微，其体难辨。1中医翻译概论1中医翻译概论1.4拼音化當英语無法表达中医特有概念時，用拼音翻译气Vitalenergy*Qi动笔！whichterm(s)shouldbephoneticallytranscribed?四气五味fourpropertiesandfivetastes(Li)fournaturesandfiveflavors(Wiseman)滋阴降火nourishingyintoreducefireenrichingyinanddownbearingfire2.1词汇缺口(lexicalgap)2中医翻译的困难2.1词汇缺口(lexicalgap)翻译人員各有不同考虑、偏好五行fiveelements,five