英语句子成分及结构解析.ppt

英语句子成分及结构解析—、英语句子成分介绍主语谓语表语宾语补语定语状语同位语（—）、主语：主语(subject)是一个句子的主题(theme)，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。Thesunrisesintheeast.Helikesdancing.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（不定式）（主语从句）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）（二）．谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征

WestudyEnglish.

Heisasleep.

Sheisbeautiful.

谓语(predicate)或谓语动词(predicateverb)的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。注意：谓语动词要与主语的人称和数一致。Whathappened?Idoubtit.Iamreading.Youcandoitifyoutryhard.Wewerebeatenbytheirteam.（三）．表语表示主语的性质、状态和特征。它位于联系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。能做系动词的实义动词：come,go,run,turn,get,become,keep,stay,make(表变化的动词)sound,smell,look,taste,feel（感观动词）seem,appear(似乎，好像)Heisateacher.Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Hisfatherisin.Thepictureisonthewall.Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（名词）（代词）（数词）（形容词）（副词）（介词短语）（不定式）（形容词化的分词）（表语从句）Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.（四）．宾语1）动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Ihopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（不定式）（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.常用的有answer,bring,buy,d