unit11Non-finiteverb非谓语动词章节.pptxVIP

Grammar语法Unit11Non-finiteverb非谓语动词

一、非谓语动词的种类非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词

二、动词不定式1．动词不定式的形式：一般形式是to+动词原形

2．动词不定式的用法1)作主语Tolearncomputerscienceneedsourgreateffort.2)作表语Thefunctionofthemodemistolinkmorecomputers.3)作宾语LinusdecidedtodevelopasystemthatexceededtheMinixstandards.

4)作宾语补足语Pageprintersuselasertoachievehigh-speedhard-copyoutput.5)作定语（动词不定式作定语时放在被修饰的词后面）Hehasnochancetopasstheexam.6)作状语Tobuildyourowncomputer,youwouldneedtheseparts.

3.动词不定式的否定结构动词不定式的否定结构是：not+to+动词原形LinusdecidednottodevelopasystemthatwouldexceedtheMinixstandards.

4．动词不定式的时态1) Sheseemstoknowabouttheproblem.(一般式表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作后)2) Thestaffpretendedtobeworking.(进行式表示不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生)3) Theclientsaidtohavearrivedhereby8:30.(完成式表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前)

5．动词不定式的语态1) Heneedstorepairthelaserprinter.(主动)2) Thelaserprinterneedstoberepaired.(被动）

6．特殊情况1) Theemployeehasnothingtodobutplay.(but前面有do时but后省略to)2) You’dbettergetthepermissionbeforeyouleave.(hadbetter后省略to,还有hadbest,wouldrather,wouldsooner…than…,can’tbut等后面的to省略)

三、分词1．分词的种类、形式和特征

2.分词的用法1) 作表语

Thelap-topcomputerisworking.

Heisinterestedincomputergames.2) 作定语

Theclerkcaughtafallingcordlesskeyboard.Theclerkfoundthelostcordlesskeyboard.

3) 作宾语补足语

Heheardthecomputermakinganoise.

Theynoticedtheirnotebookstouchedbysomedirtyhands.4) 作状语

Enteringtheoffice,thebosswasshocked.

Shockedbytheshout,hedidn’tentertheoffice.

3. 分词的否定结构

分词的否定结构是：not+分词

Notknowingwhattosay,hekeptsilent.

Nottoldwhattodo,hedidnothing.

4．分词的时态1)Hecametowork,bringinghisownnotebook.(同时)2)Havingfinishedhisworkathome,hecameearlierthanothers.(分词动作在前)

5．分词的语态1)ThecustomerbeinginvitedisaVIP.(现在分词被动形式表示动作正在进行)2)Havingbeenrebuilt,thecomputerstartedworkingagain.(现在分词被动形式表示动作已经完成)

6．特殊情况gone,come,fallen,risen,arrived,grown,returned,passed,changed等作表语时，带有书面语色彩：S