中西文化比较思维模式.ppt

Holistic整体Holisticthinkinginvolvesanorientationtothecontextorfieldasawhole,includingattentiontorelationshipsbetweenafocalobjectandthefield,andapreferenceforexplainingandpredictingeventsonthebasisofsuchrelationships. Nisbett（2001）Analytical分析Analyticalthinkinginvolvesdetachmentoftheobjectfromitscontext,atendencytofocusonattributesoftheobjectinordertoassignittocategories,andapreferenceforusingrulesaboutthecategoriestoexplainandpredicttheobject’sbehavior.添加标题Holistic整体添加标题Analytical分析添加标题分析思维倾向于把物体从其情境中分离出来，关注该物体性质以便于归类，并注重运用归类的规则来解释和预见事物的情状。添加标题整体思维倾向于把情境或场看作是一个整体，注重某一突出的物体及其场的关系，并凭借这种关系来解释和预见事物的情状。Holistic整体Analytical分析Westernerstendtobeanalyticalandpaymoreattentiontothekey,orfocalobjectsinascene—forexample,concentrationonthewomaninthe“MonaLisa”,asopposedtotherocksandskybehindher. Chinese,bycontrast,tendtobeholistic.Theylookatthewholepictureandrelyoncontextualinformationwhenmakingdecisionsandjudgmentsaboutwhattheysee.Holistic整体01Analytical分析02西方人倾向于分析思维，更多地关注某一场景中的主要或突出物体，例如在“蒙娜丽莎”这幅画中，关注画中的人而非她身后的岩石与天空。03中国人倾向整体思维，他们往往观察整个画面，并依靠在情景中所获得的信息对所观察事物作出决定和判断。04”WesternEncyclopediaarrangedbyclassificationAnimals,plants,objectsaredivided,sub-divided… 西方的百科全书层层切分，种类归属分明。ClassificationUnitsofPlantsandAnimals:kingdom,division,class,order,family,genus,species界、门、纲、目、科、属、种单击此处添加大标题内容ChineseLeishuAcollectionofpolitical,socialandethicaldataarrangedcircularlyinanemperor-centeredfashion.中国古代类书是以皇帝为中心的环式体例。唐代《艺文类聚》、宋代《太平御览》、明代《永乐大典》、清代《古今图书集成》单击此处添加大标题内容WesternArticlesCleardivisionintheorganizationofarticlestitle,sub-title,chapters,sections, paragraphs,topicsentences西方文章，标题、章、节、段细分明切，段中一般都有主题句，脉路清晰，一目了然。着眼点：首尾呼应，通篇的过渡自然及和谐一致。Unity,harmony,transition