以学生为本的心理教育.pptVIP

*CPviewssafetybroadlyandindividuals’choicesregardingsafeandhealthybehaviors,aswellasthecontextthatsupportsthem. Research:CPhaveshownthatamonghighschoolstudents,75%haveconsumedalcohol;morethan66%havehadsexualintercourse;morethan60%havesmokedcigarettes;morethan33%haveusedmarijuanabytheirsenioryear. Stakesarehigh:50%ofyouthbetweenages10and17engageintwoormoreofthefollowinghighriskbehaviors: Unsafesex Alchohlanddrugabuse Schoolfailureanddropout CrimeandviolenceAddeatingdisorders,depressionandschoolphobia,andyouseetheseriousnessofpathologyinschools*在美国有超过50%的青少年（10-17岁）存在不同程度的心理行为问题：性相关问题酗酒和滥用药品学业相关问题犯罪和暴力相关问题(Dryfoos,1990;Hamburg,1992)与此同时，中国学生青少年因为学业等压力而产生的各种心理与道德问题也不容忽视*(1)拔头发或吮吸手指；(2)咬指甲或磨牙(3)挖鼻孔；(4)口吃(5)遗尿；(6)动作笨拙(7)抽动症；(8)情绪易变(9)过分哭吵；(10)不能与父母分离；(11)不愿意去上学；(12)怕陌生人；(13)多种恐惧；(14)暴怒；(15)任性；(16)在家呆不住；(17)大声喊叫；(18)爱吵架；(19)打人；(20)攻击行为；(21)破坏性行为；(22)说谎；(23)过分依赖；(24)懒散；(25)不爱与同伴玩耍；(26)畏缩和屈从；(27)白日梦；(28)屏气发作健康模型：生物－心理－社会成长与成熟的心理学含义稳定/成熟内向外向敏感/幼稚121.行为改变法(BehavioralModification)：?奖赏：在出现适当行为时给予增强物，使该行为出现次数增加。惩罚：在出现不适当行为是时给予厌恶性刺激，以减弱或除去其不适当行为。?2.行为管理的基本原则具体对应及时伴随口头描述奖赏优于惩罚，避免单独惩罚注意持久影响：关于行为习惯养成注意对训练长期效果的监控*CPviewssafetybroadlyandindividuals’choicesregardingsafeandhealthybehaviors,aswellasthecontextthatsupportsthem. Research:CPhaveshownthatamonghighschoolstudents,75%haveconsumedalcohol;morethan66%havehadsexualintercourse;morethan60%havesmokedcigarettes;morethan33%haveusedmarijuanabytheirsenioryear. Stakesarehigh:50%ofyouthbetweenages10and17engageintwoormoreofthefollowinghighriskbehaviors: Unsafesex Alchohlanddrugabuse Schoolfailureanddropout CrimeandviolenceAddeatingdisorders,depressionandschoolphobia,andyouseetheseriou