分析化学英文课件CH17 AAS and AFS.ppt

Chapter17Atomicabsorptionandatomicfluorescencespectrometry1

OutlineAtomicspectrometryProductionofatomsandionsAtomicabsorptionspectrometryAtomicfluorescencespectrometry2

M/GroundstateM*/Excitedstate?ECharacteristicabsorptionM/GroundstateM*/Excitedstate?ECharacteristicemissionHeat,electrical,lightAtomicabsorptionspectrometryAtomicemissionandatomicfluorescencespectrometry3

Examplesofatomicspectra,applicableforbothabsorptionandemissionAtomicspectra4

EnergyleveldiagramsofionsSimilarityinpattern5

EnergydiagramofatomDiffersfrompatternoftheion6

SpinmultiplicityFieldcreatedbyspinandorbitalmotionParallel:repeleachotherAnti-parallel:attracteach7

Electronictransition:outershellorvalenceelectronsarepromotedtounoccupiedatomicorbitalsbyincidentradiationorheat.Transitionsareobservedonlybetweencertainenergystates---selectionrules.Energydifferencesbetweendifferenttransitionsaresmall,i.e.wavelengthsofabsorptionoremissionlinesareclose.highresolutionspectrometersarerequiredforanalysis8

QuantumnumbersNameSymbolOrbitalmeaningRangeofValuesValueExampleprincipalquantumnumbernshell1≤nn=1,2,3……azimuthalquantumnumber(angularmomentum)lsubshell(sorbitalislistedas0,porbitalas1etc.)0≤l≤n-1forn=3:

l=0,1,2,(s,p,d)magneticquantumnumber(projectionofangularmomentum)mlenergyshift(orientationofthesubshellsshape)-l≤ml≤lforl=2:

ml=-2,-1,0,1,2spinprojectionquantumnumbermsspinoftheelectron:1/2=clockwise-1/2=counter-clockwise-1/2,1/2foranelectron,either:-1/2,1/2Naatom,theoutshellelectronn=3,l=0,ml=0,ms=1/2(3s)19

Describesenergystateofanelectronn:principlequantumnumberS:spinquantumnumber2S+1:spinmultiplicityL:totalangularquantumnumberpossiblevalue,asS,P,D,…J:totalangularmomentumquantumnumberSpectroscopictermn2S+1LJSpectroscopictermof(3s)1electronofNaatom32S1/210

Selectionrules?n=0orinteg