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(2.1)--Chapter 2 Fluid Statics - 36号-p1流体力学环境水力学.ppt

(2.1)--Chapter 2 Fluid Statics - 36号-p1流体力学环境水力学.ppt

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DirectionofPressureAlongtheinwardnormaldirectionoffluidsurfaceMagnitudeofPressurepypzpxxyzpn2.1PressurePropertiesofStaticFluid

Thepressurevaluesatanypointinastaticfluidarethesameinalldirections.

Similarly,fx2.2BalanceEquationofStaticFluid

DifferentialPressureFormula(EulerbalancedifferentialEquation)

rectangularcoordinatesystemcylindricalcoordinatesystemTheequalpressuresurfaceConclusion:Themassforceisperpendiculartotheequalpressureplane.

2.3.1IncompressibleFluidTheequalpressureplaneg2.3PressureofStaticFluidinGravityField

Conclusion:TheequalpressureplaneishorizontalIncompressiblefluid

Expressionmethodsofpressure1)Relativepressure(GaugePressure)2)Absolutepressureh0

3)PressureheightwatercolumnheightMercurycolumnheightRemember:Anengineeringatmospherepressure

Figure:absolutepressure,gaugepressureandvacuumpressure

2.3.2StandardAtmosphereAtmosphereisconsideredasaperfectgas,whichsatisfiesthefollowinglaw.

1)Sealevel:2)Troposphere(z=0~11000m):

3)Stratosphere(z=11000~24000m)T=216.7K

Example1InthefollowingFigure,h1=500mm,h2=200mm,h3=150mm,h4=250mm,h5=400mm,γalcohol=7850N/m3,γmercury=133416N/m3,γwater=9810N/m3.DeterminethepressuredifferencePA-PB.

SolutionFortheequalpressuresurfaces1-1,2-2and3-3,accordingtothebasicformulaoffluidstatics,thenYieldsSo

References(includingbutnotlimitedto):[1]FluidMechanicswithEngineeringApplications,E.J.FinnermoreandJ.B.Franzini,2003,10thediton.[2]FluidMechanicsFundamentalsandApplications,Y.A.CengelandJ.M.Cimbala,2004,3rdediton.[3]FluidMechanics,F.M.White,2011,7thediton.[4]FundamentalsofFluidMechanics,B.R.Munson,D.F.Young,T.H.OkiishiandW.W.Huebsch,2010,6thediton.

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