(1.1)--Chapter 1 Physical Properties of流体力学环境水力学.ppt

Chapter1

PropertiesofFluids1.1.1CharacteristicFluidity1.1FluidCharacteristicandContinuousMediumModel(Continuum)

Definitionoffluid:AKindofSubstancethatdeformscontinuouslywhensubjectedtoashearstress.SolidLiquidGasFluidDifferenceoffluidity0greater

1.1.2ContinuousMediumModel:FluidParcelorFluidParticleDefinitionofthemodelThespaceisfullofmoleculeswithoutanyclearance.PurposeSuchvariablesasvolume,pressure,temperature,density,viscosity,velocity,accelerationandsooncanbedescribedbydifferentialequations.

AppliedconditionWhenthecharacteristiclengthofanobjectisfargreaterthanthemeanfreedistanceofmolecules.Meanstatisticlawofalotofmolecules.1.2.1Density1.2Density,SpecificVolumeofFluid

1.2.2RelativeDensity1.2.3SpecificVolume1.2.4DensityofMixedGas

1.3.1CompressibilityCompressionCoefficientBulkModulusofElasticity1.3CompressibilityandDilatabilityofFluid

1.3.2DilatabilityWhenp=constant,andT=273+t0C1.3.3CompressibleFluidandIncompressibleFluidIncompressibleFluid(Simplification)LiquidGaswithlowspeedandconstantpressure(e.g.fan)CompressibleFluidGaswithhighspeedandvariablepressure

1.4.1MassForce1.4.2SurfaceForceΔAΔFsΔFsnΔFsτ1.4ForcesonAFluidParcel

Thecompressioncoefficientofwaterpressure(atm)5102040800.5380.5360.5310.5280.515Table1:Theexpansioncoefficientofwatertemperature1～1010～2040～5060~7090~1000.140.150.420.550.72Table2:Example1

Example1Calculatetherelativerateofchangeofwaterdensitywhenthewaterpressurewasincreasedfrom5atto10atundernormaltemperature.Solution1:thisproblemistheapplicationofcompressioncoefficientequationofaliquidundernormaltemperature.

Solution2：

References(includingbutnotlimitedto):[1]FluidMechanicswithEngineeringApplications,E.J.