韩愈《杂说(四)》原文和翻译译文.docxVIP

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韩愈《杂说(四)》原文和翻译译文

一、原文

(1)韩愈《杂说（四）》原文如下：“世有伯乐，然后有千里马。千里马常有，而伯乐不常有。故虽有名马，祗辱于奴隶人之手，骈死于槽枥之间，不以千里称也。马之千里者，一食或尽粟一石。食马者，不知其能千里而食也。是马也，虽有千里之能，食不饱，力不足，才美不外见，且欲与常马等不可得，安求其能千里也？策之不以其道，食之不能尽其材，鸣之而不能通其意，执策而临之，曰：‘天下无马！’呜呼！其真无马邪？其真不知马也！”

(2)在这篇作品中，韩愈以马喻人才，表达了自己对于人才被埋没的感慨。文章开篇即点明“世有伯乐，然后有千里马”，强调人才需要被发现和认可。然而，接下来的几句“千里马常有，而伯乐不常有”则揭示了现实社会中人才被埋没的普遍现象。韩愈通过描述千里马在奴隶人之手、槽枥之间的悲惨命运，表达了对人才的浪费和摧残的痛心。

(3)文章进一步指出，即使是有名马，也往往因为得不到适当的饲养和培养而无法发挥其千里之能。韩愈用“一食或尽粟一石”来形容千里马的高消耗，而食马者却不知其能千里而食。这种对比揭示了社会对人才的误解和忽视。最后，韩愈用“策之不以其道，食之不能尽其材，鸣之而不能通其意”来描述那些不能发现和培养人才的统治者，他们的无知和短视使得天下无马。整篇文章以马喻人，寓意深刻，发人深省。

二、原文翻译

(1)TheoriginaltextofHanYusMiscellaneousSayings(Four)reads:Intheworld,therearetalentsrecognizedbyBieLu,andthentherearethe千里horses.The千里horsesarecommon,buttheBieLuarenot.Therefore,eventhoughtherearefamoushorses,theyareoftendegradedtothehandsofslaves,anddieinthestalls,notbeingrecognizedas千里horses.The千里horses,whenfed,mayconsumeastoneofgraininasinglemeal.Thosewhofeedthehorsesdonotknowthattheycantravelathousandmiles.Suchhorses,althoughtheypossesstheabilitytotravelathousandmiles,maynotbefedadequately,theirstrengthmaynotbesufficient,andtheirtalentsmaynotberecognizedexternally.Eveniftheywishtobetreatedequallywithordinaryhorses,itisimpossible,letaloneexpectingthemtotravelathousandmiles.Ifonedrivesthemwithoutthepropermethod,feedsthemwithoutfullyutilizingtheirabilities,andlistenstotheircrieswithoutunderstandingtheirintentions,holdingthewhipinfrontofthemandsaying,Therearenohorsesintheworld!Alas!Isitreallythattherearenohorses,orisitthattheydonotknowhowtorecognizehorses?

(2)Thetranslationoftheabovepassageisasfollows:Intheworld,thereareindividualslikeBieLuwhocandiscerntalent,andthentherearetheextraordinaryhorsesknownas千里horses.千里horsesarenotuncommon,butBieLuarerare.Hence,eveniftherearerenownedhorses,theyareoftenreducedtothestatusofslaves,andperishintheirstalls,neverbeingacknowledgedas千里horses.These千里horses,whenfed,mightconsumeawholestoneofgraininonemeal.Thosewhofeedthemareunawareoftheirabilitytotravelathou