植物学第二章菌类.pptVIP

Yeasts.(a)Buddingcellsofbreadyeast,Saccharomycescerevisiae.(b)AsciwithascosporesofSchizosaccharomycesoctosporus.PenidlliumandAspergillus--twoofthemongeneraofDeuteromycota.(a)AcultureofPenicilliumnotatum,theoriginalpenicillin-producingfungus,showingthedistinctivecolorsproducedduringgrowthandsporedevelopment.(b)AcultureofAspergillusfumigatus,a[ungusthatcausesrespiratorydiseaseinhumans.Noticetheconcentricgrowthpatternproducedbysuccessivepulsesofsporeproduction.青霉、烟曲霉Theconidiogenouscellsanaconidio-添加标题phoresofdeuteromycetesareusedintheir添加标题classification.(a)Penicillium(brushlike)添加标题and(b)Aspergillus(tightlyclumpedand添加标题arisingfromtheswollentopofthe添加标题conidiophore).Notethelongchainsof添加标题small,dryconidia.添加标题（四）担子菌亚门（Basidiomycotina）:1.特征：（1）营养体：全为菌丝，有横隔；分为两种：初生菌丝体：细胞单核，生活时间很短；次生菌丝体：双核，生活时间长。由次生菌丝形成子实体，称为担子果。双核菌丝进行分裂时，为锁状联合。（2）无性生殖：进行芽殖、粉孢子、分生孢子和厚壁孢子。（3）有性生殖：产生担子和担孢子。担子和担孢子、双核菌丝和锁状联合为担子菌亚门的三个主要特征。thebasidiomycetes,dikaryoticecharacteristicallyaredistinedbythepresenceofclampnectionsoverthesepta.Clampconl!~donsareformedduringcelldivision;~jpresumablyensuretheproperdistri-butionofthetwogeneticallydistincttypes~nucleiinthebasidioma.(b)Electrongraphofaclampnnectionand~cteristicseptainahyphaofl~culariaauricula.锁状联合的过程Lifecycleofamushroom(divisionBasidiomycota,classHymenomycetes).Monokaryoticmyceliaareproducedfrombasidiospores,anddikaryoticmyceliafromthem,oftenfollowingthefusionofdifferentmatingtypes,inwhichcasethemyceliaareheterokaryotic.Dikaryoticmyceliaformthebasidioma,withinwhichbasidiaformonthehymeniathatlinethegills,ultimatelyreleasinguptobillionsofbasidiospores.蘑菇属（Agaricus）的生活史Scanningelectronmicrographsofbasidiosporesoftheinkycapmushroom,Coprinuscinereus.(a)Thehymeniumshowingnumerousbasidia