能源学术英语综合教程2教师手册Unit 4 TB.docx

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能源学术英语综合教程2教师手册Unit 4 TB.docx

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PAGE10

Unit4

EnergyandFuture

Listeningandspeaking

Listening

1-4FTFT

concentration

blanket

humanity

enhanced

underground

cycle

methane

exhausts

melt

moreextreme

Transcript

Inthevideowewilllearnhowtheburningoffossilfuelshasaddedextracarbondioxidetotheatmosphere,andwewillseehowthisleadstoclimatechange,human-inducedclimatechange,orglobalwarming.

Weneedtounderstandsomethingaboutburningfossilfuels.Fossilfuels,likeoil,coalandnaturalgasaretheremainsofthelivingthingsformillionsofyearsago.They’remainlycomposedofcarbonwithvaryingamountsofhydrogen.Ifyoucollectalltheexhaustgasesfromyourcarduringajourneyandsquashthemintoabottlesothattheycanbeweighed,comparedwiththeweightofpetrolburned,theexhaustgaseswillweighmuchheavier,becauseoxygenfromtheairhasbeenadded.

Here’sabitofapetrolmolecule?H2CCH2.Itjoinswithsixoxygenatomsorthreemoleculestobuilduphydrogenoxideorwatervaporandcarbondioxide,anothertwomolecules.

Beforetheworldbecameindustrializedbyburningfossilfuels,carbondioxideconcentrationintheatmospherewasabout0.28%,tinycomparedwithoxygenat21%andnitrogenat78%,butenoughtokeepuswarm.Withoutthisnaturalblanketofinsulatinggas,theearthwouldbetoocoldtosupportlifeasweknowit.Butthiscarbondioxidereleasedwhenfossilfuelsburnaddstotheexistingcarbondioxidelevelswhicharenownearly50%higherthaninpre-industrialtimes.

Althoughwegetadailysupplyofheatfromthesun,theearthnormallylosesthisatnightandinthecoolseasons,sothattheaveragetemperatureoftheearthremainsconstant.Butthisstatusquoisstartingtochange.Ashumanityaddscarbondioxideintoouratmosphere,itisasifwe’reputtingasweateraroundtheplanet.Theextralayerisolatestheheatanditcannotescapeaseasily.Whileit’seasytotakeoffyoursweater,theeart