材料科学英语Unit 3 Lecture 2 Mechanical properties of materials.ppt

MechanicalpropertiesofmaterialsUnit3Reading1.Besidesphysicalproperties,chemicalproperties,andmechanicalproperties,canyouthinkofacoupleofotherpropertiesofmaterials?Unit32.Thecommonphysicalpropertiesincludesize,shape,density,andporosity.Comparethefollowingeverydayobjects.Whatphysicalpropertiesdotheyhave?ReadingUnit31Casting?isa?manufacturing?processinwhichaliquidmaterialisusuallypouredintoa?mold,whichcontainsahollowcavityofthedesiredshape,andthenallowedtosolidify.Thesolidifiedpartisalsoknownasa?casting,whichisejectedorbrokenoutofthemoldtocompletetheprocess.ReadingUnit31Castingmaterialsareusuallymetalsorvarious?coldsetting?materialsthat?cure?aftermixingtwoormorecomponentstogether;examplesare?epoxy,?concrete,?plaster?and?clay.ReadingUnit31Castingismostoftenusedformakingcomplexshapesthatwouldbeotherwisedifficultoruneconomicaltomakebyothermethods.Castingisa6000-year-oldprocess.Theoldestsurvivingcastingisacopperfrogfrom3200BC.Unit3Reading1Readthetextcarefullyandwritethecorrectnumber1-6nexttothegiventerms.Unit3Readingthestressstraincurve 2.loadingconditions 3.grainorientations 4.cross-sectionalareas 5.hardnessmeasurements 6.atensiletest 361245Reading1Unit3IV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.硬度是材料的一个重要的机械性能。硬度是抵抗塑性变形的能力（例如，一个局部的凹陷或划痕）。它是一个测量塑性变形(plasticdeformation)的指标，也是测量拉伸强度(tensilestrength)的指标，二者具有近似的相应关系。硬度可以通过一种材料在另一种材料上留下的划痕来测量，钻石是最硬的材料，滑石是最软的材料。或者可以将一个压头（ball）压入被测的材料来测量压痕的大小。Reading1Unit3Hardnessisoneofthemostcommonmechanicalpropertiesconsidered.Hardnessistheresistancetoplasticdeformation(e.g.,alocaldentorscratch).Itisameasureofplasticdeformation,asisthetensilestrength,sotheyarewellcorrelated.Itmaybedeterminedbytheabilityofamaterialtoscrat