研究设计实验研究的基本问题.pptVIP

研究设计:实验研究的基本问题

问题研究设计的核心要诣实验设计的基本过程和环节实验设计的影响因素

Giventheresearchquestion,whattypeofevidenceisneededtoanswerthequestion(ortestthetheory)inaconvincingway?

Why?

MakingdecisionstoensurevalidityPlanning:howtocollect,analyze,andinterpretdatainordertotesthypothesesWhoWhereWhatHowWhenCanresultsbegeneralized(externalvalidity)?Aretherelationshipstrue(internalvalidity)?Timeorderifnecessary

SchooltypeAcademicAchiv.Child’sabilitySchooltypeAcademicAchiv.ParentresourceHomefacilitySchooltypeAcademicAchiv.ParenteducationvalueChildvaluationSchooltypeAcademicAchiv.Key:Dealingwithrivalhypotheses(anotherexample)

WhenyouobserveXandYco-vary,thereasonmaybe:xyz1xyz2xyz3xyz4xyz5xyz6

CopingwithRivalHypothesesOperationFright--?JuvenileDelinquency Visitprison…months….70%notarrestedEvenwithouttheprogram,nomorethan30%wouldhavebeenarrestedFamilybackground:VolunteeredaredifferentCommittedcrimesbutnotbeencaughtOnlytemporaryeffectsParticipationlabelsthemaspotentialcriminals

TheNewDesignTwogroups:similarcharacteristicsrelevanttodelinquency;oneattendtheprogram,anothernot.InterviewbothgroupsaboutdelinquentactivityandfamilybackgroundbeforetheprogramInterviewallfamiliesOneyearafterthevisit,interviewbothgroupsaboutdelinquentactivityandchangesinfamilyDuringstep4,alsocheckarrestandconvictionrecordsforbothgroupsTwoyearsafterthevisit,repeatsteps4and5Threeyearsafter,repeat4and5.

研究设计的核心要诣实验设计的基本过程和环节实验设计的影响因素问题

PretestStimulusPosttestRandomizationOrmatchingComparabilityCompareCompareExp.Control

Pretesting1Subjectrecruitment2Introtoexperiment3Manipulationofindepvariable4Measurementofdepvariable5Debriefing6Acquisitionofinformedconsent7Randomassignment8Manipulationcheck9StagingExperiments

KeyFeaturesofExperimentalApproach1.Manipulation2.ControlTotesthypotheses,theexperimenterdeliberatelyintroduceschang