作业11　科学发明与创新类说明文【2025高考英语大二轮考前必背四选一阅读.docx

作业11科学发明与创新类说明文【2025高考英语大二轮考前必背四选一阅读作业11科学发明与创新类说明文

(分值：30分)

(每小题2.5分，满分30分)

A

(2022·全国乙)

Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyand①reliabilityofrailwaysand，atthesametime，helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexamine②high-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected，themorerailwaysafety，reliabilityand③on-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficientacrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailway④personnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance，includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies，dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways，detectingfaultsintherailorswitches，beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks，dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain，andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead，theycouldsignalanyproblem，sothat⑤fast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

语篇解读本文是说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又