2025高考英语大二轮专题一　四选一阅读.DOCX

2025高考英语大二轮专题一四选一阅读攻克阅读理解四大文体

阅读理解题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；体裁多样，以应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。不同的文体有不同的写作手法，相应地有不同的阅读方法。掌握这四种常见文体的特点，对于快速把握文章主旨和提高解题效率有极大的帮助。

文体一说明文——抓住结构，关注行文

说明文通常是通过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和引用等手段，具体描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术，让读者了解信息，说明文通常不包含作者的个人观点。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。

【感悟真题】

(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读D)

Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth，accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky，theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive，butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.

Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans，butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell－being.

Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark－goers，askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions，coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample，oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves”.

Acrossthe320submissions，apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions，halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife，walkingalongtheedgeofwater，andfollowinganestablishedtrail.

Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage，whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample，theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday，theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.

“We’retry