梁弯曲的强度Strengthofbeambending.pptx

梁弯曲的强度Strengthofbeambending主讲人：王雅君

123目录CONTENTS弯曲时的应力梁的强度计算提高弯曲强度的措施StressduringbendingStrengthcalculationofbeamsMeasurestoimprovebendingstrength

1弯曲时的应力StressduringbendingONE

一、弯曲时的应力Stressduringbending截面只有弯矩M，而无剪力Q，称为纯弯曲。ThesectionwithonlybendingmomentMandnoshearforceQiscalledpurebending.纵向线m-m、n-n仍保持直线，但相对转过一个角度dφ。Thelongitudinallinesm-mandn-nstillmaintainastraightline,butrelativelyrotatebyanangledφ。横向线变为弧线，a-a缩短，b-b伸长，但仍与m-m、n-n线正交Thehorizontallinebecomesanarc,a-ashortens,b-belongates,butremainsorthogonaltothem-mandn-nlines变形后Afterdeformation

一、弯曲时的应力Stressduringbending横截面在纯弯曲变形后仍保持为平面，只是绕截面内某一轴转动了一个角度。Thecross-sectionremainsflatafterpurebendingdeformation,butrotatesbyananglearoundacertainaxiswithinthecross-section假想梁由许多纵向纤维组成，变形后上面纤维缩短，下面纤维伸长，中间必有一层纤维既不伸长又不缩短，此层称为中性层。Ahypotheticalbeamiscomposedofmanylongitudinalfibers.Afterdeformation,theupperfibersshorten,thelowerfiberselongate,andtheremustbealayeroffibersinthemiddlethatneitherelongatesnorshortens.Thislayeriscalledtheneutrallayer.中性层与横截面的交线称为中性轴。Theintersectionlinebetweentheneutrallayerandthecross-sectioniscalledtheneutralaxis.

一、弯曲时的应力Stressduringbending中性层neutrallayer中性轴NeutralAxis

一、弯曲时的应力Stressduringbending纯弯曲的两个推论:Twocorollariesofpurebending:●平面假设:横截面变形后仍为平面，只是绕中性轴发生转动，距中性轴等高处，变形相等。Planarassumption:Thecross-sectionremainsflatafterdeformation,butonlyrotatesaroundtheneutralaxis,withequaldeformationataheightequaltotheneutralaxis.●横截面上只有正应力。Thereisonlynormalstressonthecross-section.

一、弯曲时的应力Stressduringbending梁横截面上的正应力大小，与该点至中性轴的距离成正比。Themagnitudeofnormalstressonthecross-sectionofthebeamisproportionaltothedistancefromthatpointtotheneutralaxis.正应力沿截面宽度均匀分布，沿高度呈线性分布。Thenormalstressisuniformlydistributedalongthewidthofthesectionandlinearlydistributedalongtheheight.中性轴把截面分为受拉区和受压区，最大拉应力和最