动词分类和时态语态.ppt

与过去事实相反?条件从句:hadknown主句:should(would)havegone与将来事实相反条件从句:shouldknow(were+to+动词原形)主句:should(would)goIfhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.（非真实条件句表示与现在事实相反）Hadweknownthebasicprinciples,weshouldhavecontrolledtheprocessevenbetter.（非真实条件句表示与过去事实相反,条件从句省略if，主语、谓语部分倒置例：Grammar4gerund动名词的构成动名词是一种非谓语动词，有时态和语态的变化。以及物动词do为例，请见下表：?主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone?动名词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如：I’mthinkingofgoingtotheIndustrialExhibitionthisafternoon.我打算今天下午去看工业展览。2.动名词的用法动名词在句中可做主语、宾语、表语和定语。(1)???做主语Sendingsignalsbackandforthisabitofhassle.(2)???做宾语Itwillbegintryingtoassimilatethatinformation.（动名词短语做及物动词begin的宾语）Byimplantingacomputerchipintohisarm,onemanhopestoestablishthemostdirectlinkyetbetweenmanandmachine.（动名词短语做介词by的宾语）Examples:1.Seeingisbelieving.PreparingfortheOlympicGamesisahugeundertaking.Talkingtoomuchisnouse.Itisnousetalkingtomuch.2.Doyoulikewatchingfootballgames?Withoutpreparingaverystrongbid,acitywillnotwinthecompetitiontohostthegames.3.Hishobbyisswimming.1注意：有些及物动词要求动名词做宾语2adviseadmitavoidconsiderdelay3enjoydelayexcusefinishdeny4forgivemindkeepmisspractise5preventresistriskcan’thelpdoingsthgiveup还有一些既可以要求动名词又可以要求不定式做宾语，如：begin,start,hate,continue,prefer,forget,try等等。02有些要求不定式做宾语，如：want,wish,hope,promise,decide,expect,manage,pretend等等；01注意区别下列动词的不定式和动名词的意义区别：RememberForgetstopRegret0102030405OuraimismasteringEnglishintheshortesttimepossible.01Steelisoneofthebestbuildingmaterials.动名词做定语修饰名词，用来说明它所修饰的名词的用途。如上例，buildingmaterials建筑材料，有“建筑用的材料”意02动名词的语法功能分词与动名词做定语时的区别分词做定语时，与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。动名词与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系，