大学思辨英语教程 精读1Unit 7教师用书 (20150828).docx

Unit7CulturalStereotypes

Unitoverview

Thisunitdealswithoneofthebiggestobstaclestocross-culturalcommunication–culturalstereotypes.Stereotypesarecommonanddangerous,becausetheymayleadtoprejudiceanddiscrimination.

TextA

InTextA,theauthorDavidMatsumoto,aJapaneseAmericanprofessoratSanFranciscoStateUniversity,debunksoneofthesevencommonstereotypesthatAmericansocietyholdsofJapan:TheJapaneseareemotionlessandnevershowtheirtrueemotions.Todebunkthisstereotype,Matsumotoquotesthefindingsofthreeexperiments,allofwhichstudiedtheemotionalexpressionofJapaneseandAmericancollegestudentsbutadopteddifferentexperimentdesignsandcameupwithdifferentfindings.EkmanandFriesensuggestedthattheJapanesehadadisplayrulethatdidnotallowthemtorevealtheirtruefeelingsinthepresenceofothers.Withanexperiment,MatsumotorevealedthattheJapanesedidshowtheiremotions,buttheiremotionalexpressionwascontextualized,i.e.theyshoweddifferentemotionstodifferentpeopleindifferentways.AnotherexperimentconductedbyMatsumotoconsideredthefactorofemotionintensityandfoundthattheJapanesestudentsweremoresensitivethantheAmericanstudentstoweakandstrongemotions.

TextB

InTextB,AmyTan,asecond-generationChineseAmericanimmigrantgirlsharesherfrustratingexperienceofbeingstereotypedbytheAmericans.AtypicalstereotypeisthatChinesepeopleare“discreetandmodest”withoutwordsfor“yes”and“no”,thattheyneverdisagreeandthattheyalwayscompromise.Thisstereotypeisreinforcedbyone-for-onelanguagecomparison,whichconcludesthatChinesepeoplehavenodirectlinguisticmeanstomakedecisions,assertordenyandaffirmornegate.BasedontheSapir-WhorfHypothesis,thislackoflinguisticmeansisinterpretedasanimplicationofthediscreetChinesemind.TangivesavarietyofrealexamplestoshowthatChinesepeopledos