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C1ONLINEANNEX1.1
PowerHungry:HowAIWillDriveEnergyDemand
PartI.Growth,Productivity,andElectricityUseinAI-relatedsectorsoftheU.S.Economy
SectorClassification
AIproductionoccursprimarilywithinNAICSsectors518/519(dataprocessing,internet
publishing,andotherinformationservices)and5415(computersystemsdesignandrelatedservices),
thoughitisnotexclusivetothesesectors.TheAIproductionecosystemcomprisesfourdistinct
firmtypes:(i)specializedAIresearchlabs(e.g.,OpenAI,Anthropic);(ii)puredatacenteroperators
(e.g.,Equinix);(iii)cloudservicesandinfrastructureproviders;and(iv)verticallyintegrated
technologycompanies(e.g.,Microsoft,Google)thatspantheentirevaluechain—fromresearch
throughdeploymenttointegrationofAIwithexistingproductslikeGoogleSearch,Gmail,and
MicrosoftOffice.ThesefirmscoreactivitiespredominantlyalignwiththeaforementionedNAICS
codes,makingthesesectorscentraltomeasuringAI-relatedeconomicactivity.Tobeprecise,
datacentersaremostoftencategorizedasNAICS518210(DataProcessing,Hosting,andRelated
Services)astheyinclude,accordingtotheUSCensusBureau,activitiessuchasapplicationhosting,
cloudstorageservices,computerdatastorageservices,orcomputingplatforminfrastructure
provision.Forexample,Equinix,oneofthelargestdatacentercompanies,iscategorizedunderthis
industrycode.RegardingthelargeandverticallyintegratedAIplatformandservicecompanies,as
examples,META’sNAICScodeis519290,whileAlphabetoperatesunder519,518and541511.
Microsoftalsohas518and541511aso
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