初中英语2025届中考构词法讲解.docVIP

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中考英语构词法

一、派生法

在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。

加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。

【考向1】前缀（前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性）

1.表否定意义的前缀

前缀

示例

un-

able→unable；usual→unusual；happy→unhappy

in-

correct→incorrect；expensive→inexpensive

im-

polite→impolite；patient→impatient；possible→impossible

dis-

like→dislike；appear→disappear；agree→disagree；honest→dishonest

non-

smoker→non-smoker；native→non-native

2.其他

前缀

含义

示例

mis-

错误

understand→misunderstand；lead→mislead

re-

再；又，重复

view→review；build→rebuild；write→rewrite

inter-

相互；交互在一起

net→Internet；national→international

a-

处于……状态或过程中

live→alive；wake→awake

en-

使可能

rich→enrich；able→enable；courage→encourage

tele-

远的；电视的；电话的

control→telecontrol；phone→telephone；vision→television

【考向2】后缀（后缀多数改变词性）

类型

后缀

示例

名词→形容词

-y

rain→rainy；luck→lucky；health→healthy；wealth→wealthy

-ly

love→lovely；friend→friendly

-ous

danger→dangerous；humor→humorous

-ful

use→useful；care→careful；help→helpful

-less词义与加-ful时相反

use→useless；care→careless

-ern

west→western；south→southern

-en

gold→golden；wood→wooden

-al

nation→national；tradition→traditional

-ish

fool→foolish；child→childish

名词→名词

-ist

art→artist；piano→pianist；tour→tourist；science→scientist

-hood

child→childhood；neighbor→neighborhood

-ship

leader→leadership；friend→friendship

-ese

China→Chinese；Japan→Japanese

-n,-an,-ian

Australia→Australian；Europe→European；music→musician

动词→名词

-er,-or,-(r)ess

teach→teacher；act→actor；visit→visitor；wait→waitress

-ing

paint→painting；build→building；cross→crossing

-ment

develop→development

-(t)ion/-sion/去e加-ation

invite→invitation；decide→decision；discuss→discussion

动词→形容词

-able

comfort→comfortable；enjoy→enjoyable

(去e加)-(t)ive

act→active；create→creative

-(e)d

surprise→surprised；interest→interested

(去e加)-ing

interest→interesting；excite→exciting

形容词→名词

-ty

safe→safety

-ness

ill→illness；sad→sadness；kind→kindness；happy→happiness

(-le变)-(il)ity

able→ability；real→reality；possible→possibility

-ce(以t结尾去t再加-ce)

important→importance；silent→silence；different→difference

-th

true→truth；warm→warmt