美国描写与结构主义语言学.pptVIP

Chapter5:AmericanDescriptive

andStructuralistLinguistics

(美国描写与结构主义语言学)5.2TheBloomfieldianAge(布卢姆菲尔德时期)TheprincipalrepresentativeofAmericandescriptivelinguisticsisLeonardBloomfield(1887-1949),alandmarkfigure(标志性人物)inthehistoryofAmericanlinguisticsbetweentheperiodfrom1933to1950,duringwhichAmericandescriptivelinguisticsformallycameintobeingandreacheditsprimedevelopment.

Chapter5:AmericanDescriptive

andStructuralistLinguistics

(美国描写与结构主义语言学)5.2.1BloomfieldtheManBloomfield’smaincontributiontolinguisticsishisphilosophicallysophisticatedemphasisonmakingitascience.HewasoneofthechieffoundersoftheLinguisticsSocietyofAmerica(LSA,美国语言学协会)in1924.Heisalsothefounderofstructuralistlinguistics(结构主义语言学)andtrainedagenerationoflinguists,includingZ.S.Harris(哈里斯),B.Bloch(布洛赫),G.L.Trager(特里格),C.Hockett(霍凯特),W.S.Wells〔威尔斯〕,andM.Joos(裘斯).

Chapter5:AmericanDescriptive

andStructuralistLinguistics

(美国描写与结构主义语言学)BloomfielddevelopedBoas’stheoryundertheinfluenceoftheNeo-grammariansandSaussure.TheonlydifferenceisthatBloomfieldtriedtoaccountfortheproductionandinterpretationofspeechwiththe“stimulus-response”(刺激—反响)theoryundertheinfluenceoftheprevailingbehavioristpsychologyofthetime.

Chapter5:AmericanDescriptive

andStructuralistLinguistics

(美国描写与结构主义语言学)5.2.2BloomfieldandBehaviorism*TheBackgroundThe1920ssawarevolutioninpsychologyinwhichJ.B.Watson’s(沃特森)behavioristtheoryreplacedmentalism.BasedonLocke’s(洛克)andHume’s(休谟)philosophicalideas,Watsonheldthatallknowledgecomesfromdirectexperience;onlydataobtainedfromobjectiveandobservableexperimentsarereliable.

Chapter5:AmericanDescriptive

andStructuralistLinguistics

(美国描写与结构主义语言学)Behaviorismisbasedontheb