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上海师范大学外国语学院李照国中医英语翻译
理论与实践
一点常识01
《礼记·王制》“中国,夷、蛮、戎、狄……五方之民,言语不通,嗜欲不同。达其志,通其欲,东方曰寄,南方曰象,西方曰狄鞮,北方曰译。”
译事三难信达雅。求其信已大难矣。顾信矣不达。虽译犹不译也。
支谦《法句经序》仆初嫌其辞不雅。维祗难曰:“佛言依其义不用饰,取其法不以严。其传经者,当令易晓,勿失厥义,是则为善。”座中咸曰:“老氏称‘美言不信,信言不美。’仲尼亦云:‘书不尽言,言不尽意。’明圣人意深邃无极。今传胡义,实宜径达。”是以自偈受译人口,因循本旨,不加文饰。12
译业与译才02
Bringingpeacetoallthecountriesintheworld咸宁万国第一HuangdiwassittinginthepalaceintheHeaven.QiboandLeigong,hisseniorministers,werestandingoneithersideinattendance.黄帝升坐紫微宫,岐伯、雷公各侍左右。
黄帝曰:“惜时与卿等谈医论药,旨在救天下万民于忧患,非为吾华夏一族所计。朕观日月交辉,忧人世多艰。愿昔时所厘之医道广播四海,咸宁万国。”Huangdisaid:“Ihaveestablishedthissystemofmedicineforpeopleallovertheworld,notjustfortheChinesenation.Ihopethatitcanbedisseminatedandpracticedovertheworld.”
岐伯曰:“陛下所立之医道乃兴国生民之大法。故当传于四方,惠及愚智贤不肖。Qibosaid:“ThemedicinethatYourMajestyhaveestablishedisindispensabletothelifeofthepeople.Soitshouldbedisseminatedtoallthewholeworldandserveforpeoplesfromdifferentcountries.
自《黄帝内经》问世,华夏医道于汉唐之际东传高丽、扶桑,南播交趾诸岛,北及朔方之域,西入吐蕃高原,于各族各部之繁荣昌盛,善莫大焉。”1SincethepublicationofHuangdiNeijing,ChinesemedicinewasspreadtoKorea,Japan,VietNamandnorthernareasofChina.Ithasmadegreatcontributionstotheprosperityanddevelopmentofthesecountries.”2
黄帝曰:“四异之邦与吾华夏言语不通,嗜欲不同。华夏医道,何以传之于彼?”1Huangdisaid:“ThelanguagesspokeninthesecountriesandareasaredifferentfromtheChineselanguage.HowwastheChinesemedicinedisseminatedtotheseplaces?”2
0102岐伯对曰:“诸四异之邦文在初创,医道未立。故遣其聪慧之士远涉千山,前来中土,潜习华文,精修医术。Qiboanswered:“Atthattimemedicineandwrittenlanguageinthesecountriesandareaswerenotestablishedyet.ThesecountriessentstudentsandscholarstoChinatostudyChineselanguageandmedicinethroughChinesemedia.
及谙熟之,并携医经药典还国,以华文传于其地。故今之日文多杂以华字。朝韩越国,旧亦书华文行儒学。”1Afterreturningtheircountries,theypracticedandtaughtChinesemedicinethroughthemediaofChinesecharacters.ThatiswhytodayChinesecharactersstillcanbefoundinJapanesewrittenl
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